飲食詞彙：烹飪、餐廳及日常英語
食物是學習者在真實生活中最早使用的主題之一：在超市、餐廳、旅行時以及與朋友交談時。與其記憶一個冗長的清單，不如按情境學習食物詞彙。當你將食材與食譜、切碎和煎炒一起使用時，你會更好地記住它們。
本指南涵蓋日常飲食用詞、烹飪動作、餐廳語言和描述口味的方式。要在 Linglify 中獲得完整的主題集合，請訪問飲食詞彙圖書館。
- 程度： A1-B2
- 重點： 食物類別、烹飪、餐廳、飲料、口味和質地
- 最佳練習： 用這些單字描述一道你熟悉的菜
Food、Meal、Dish 和 Course 的區別
這些單字相關但不完全相同：
- food（食物）泛指人們吃的東西；
- meal（餐食）指進食的場合，如早餐或晚餐；
- dish（菜餚）指一道準備好的食品，如咖喱或義大利麵；
- course（道）指正式餐食的一個部分，如前菜或甜點。
水果、蔬菜和日常食材
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| apple | 有硬實果肉的圓形水果 | I usually take an apple to work. |
| banana | 長黃形水果 | Add a sliced banana to the cereal. |
| berry | 小而軟的水果 | These berries are sweet and fresh. |
| lemon | 酸的黃色柑橘水果 | Put some lemon in the water. |
| potato | 在地下生長的澱粉蔬菜 | We had baked potatoes for dinner. |
| tomato | 常在烹飪中作為蔬菜使用的紅色水果 | The salad needs more tomato. |
| onion | 味道濃烈的圓形蔬菜 | Chop the onion before you cook it. |
| carrot | 長橙色根莖蔬菜 | Carrots are good in soup. |
| bean | 用作食物的小種子 | This dish contains beans and rice. |
| mushroom | 用在許多菜餚中的軟真菌 | She does not eat mushrooms. |
| herb | 用於增添食物風味的葉子 | Basil is a popular herb in Italian cooking. |
| spice | 用於調味的乾燥種子、根或粉末 | This spice makes the sauce warmer and richer. |
烹飪動詞和廚房詞彙
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| recipe | 準備菜餚的說明 | This recipe takes only twenty minutes. |
| ingredient | 製作菜餚所用的一種食材 | Check that you have all the ingredients. |
| chop | 將食物切成小塊 | Chop the carrots into small pieces. |
| slice | 切成薄扁片 | Slice the bread carefully. |
| mix | 混合食材 | Mix the eggs with the milk. |
| boil | 在沸水中烹煮 | Boil the pasta for eight minutes. |
| fry | 在熱油中烹煮 | Fry the onions until they are soft. |
| bake | 在烤箱中烹煮 | We baked a cake for her birthday. |
| grill | 用上方或下方的熱源烹煮 | Grill the vegetables for ten minutes. |
| serve | 在餐食中給人提供食物 | The restaurant serves lunch from noon. |
在餐廳或咖啡館
| 表達 | 含義或用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| menu | 可供選擇的食物和飲料清單 | Could I see the menu, please? |
| starter | 小份的第一道菜 | We shared a starter. |
| main course | 餐食的主要菜餚 | The fish is my main course. |
| dessert | 甜的最後一道菜 | Would you like dessert? |
| bill / check | 你必須支付的金額 | Could we have the bill, please? |
| reservation | 為你保留桌位的安排 | I have a reservation for two at seven. |
| allergy | 對某物有害的身體反應 | I have a nut allergy. |
| vegetarian | 不吃肉的人 | Is there a vegetarian option? |
| takeaway / takeout | 買來在外面吃的食物 | Let’s order a takeaway tonight. |
| tip | 給服務的額外金錢 | In some countries, leaving a tip is expected. |
飲料、口味和質地
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| still water | 沒有氣泡的水 | I would like still water, please. |
| sparkling water | 有氣泡的水 | She prefers sparkling water with lunch. |
| juice | 由水果或蔬菜製成的飲料 | Is the orange juice freshly squeezed? |
| smoothie | 通過攪拌食材製成的濃稠冷飲 | He made a banana smoothie for breakfast. |
| bitter | 有尖銳而非甜的味道 | Black coffee can taste bitter. |
| sour | 有像檸檬一樣的酸味 | The sauce is too sour for me. |
| sweet | 嘗起來像糖 | This mango is very sweet. |
| spicy | 含有熱辣香料 | The curry is delicious but spicy. |
| crispy | 令人愉快地脆而易碎 | The bread is warm and crispy. |
| creamy | 像奶油一樣光滑和濃郁 | The soup has a creamy texture. |
清晰表達你想要的
有用的食物語言通常出現在禮貌的請求中：
- Could I have …, please?（我可以要…嗎？）
- I would like …（我想要…）
- Can I get this without …?（我可以要不加…的嗎？）
- Is this suitable for vegetarians?（這適合素食者嗎？）
- Could you make it less spicy?（你能做得不那麼辣嗎？）
請記住，I want 在語法上是正確的，但在餐廳中 I would like 通常更有禮貌。
通過你的生活學習食物詞彙
選擇一道你常吃的餐食。寫下食材、烹飪動作和三個描述口味或質地的單字。然後大聲描述它：
「For breakfast, I make oatmeal with banana and berries. I mix it with milk. It is warm, sweet, and creamy.」（早餐時，我用香蕉和漿果製作燕麥粥。我把它與牛奶混合。它是溫暖的、甜的和奶油狀的。）
這種個人練習比翻譯四十個不相關的食物單字更令人難忘。
練習詞彙
experience
名詞
經驗, 體驗
範例
- Her previous work experience made her an ideal candidate for the position.
- Traveling to different countries provides valuable cultural experience.
meeting
名詞
會議, 聚會, 集會
範例
- The business meeting discussed budget plans for next fiscal year.
- Town meeting allows residents to voice concerns about local issues.
reply
名詞
回覆
範例
- Quick reply shows professional customer service quality.
- Written reply confirms agreement terms and conditions.
result
名詞
結果
範例
- Election result surprises political analysts and voters.
- Test result shows significant improvement in performance.
create
動詞
創造
範例
- Artists create beautiful works that inspire and move people emotionally.
- The new policy will create opportunities for economic growth.
mention
動詞
提到
範例
- Please mention my name when you call about job opening.
- The report fails to mention important environmental concerns.
describe
動詞
描述
範例
- Can you describe what the suspect looked like to police officers?
- The travel guide describes many interesting places to visit in Europe.
impact
名詞
影響
範例
- Climate change has a significant impact on global weather patterns.
- The impact of the collision damaged both cars severely.
exam
名詞
考試
範例
- Students study hard for weeks before taking their final exams.
- The driving exam tests both knowledge and practical skills behind wheel.
powerful
形容詞
有力的
範例
- Powerful computer processes data very quickly.
- Powerful speech moves audience to take action.
wonderful
形容詞
美好的, 精彩的
範例
- The restaurant serves wonderful food with excellent service.
- We had a wonderful time at the beach during summer vacation.
confident
形容詞
有信心的
範例
- She felt confident about passing the difficult examination successfully.
- The confident speaker delivered an inspiring presentation to the audience.
favor
名詞
恩惠
範例
- Could you do me a favor and pick up my dry cleaning?
- The proposal gained favor among the committee members after lengthy discussion.
ambition
名詞
野心
範例
- Her ambition is to become a successful doctor and help people worldwide.
- Sometimes ambition can drive people to work too hard and neglect family.
tourist
名詞
遊客
範例
- Foreign tourist visits famous landmarks and museums.
- Tourist season brings economic benefits to region.
student
名詞
學生
範例
- Diligent student completes homework assignments on time.
- Graduate student conducts research for doctoral degree.
relaxed
形容詞
放鬆的, 輕鬆的
範例
- Relaxed atmosphere encourages open discussion among participants.
- Relaxed person handles pressure situations more effectively.
hot
形容詞
熱
範例
- Summer weather is extremely hot in desert regions around the world.
- The coffee is too hot to drink right now - let it cool down.
cool
動詞
使冷卻
orange
名詞
橘子
範例
- Fresh orange juice contains vitamin C and natural sugar.
- The sunset painted sky in beautiful shades of orange.
meat
名詞
肉類
範例
- Fresh meat should be stored in refrigerator for food safety.
- Vegetarians choose not to eat meat for ethical reasons.
football
名詞
足球
範例
- Football is the most popular sport in many countries around the world.
- The children play football in the school yard during their lunch break.
名詞
郵件
範例
- Check mail every day for important bills and official documents.
- Electronic mail has largely replaced traditional postal letters today.
father
名詞
父親
範例
- His father taught him how to ride a bicycle in the park.
- The young father proudly carried his baby daughter in his arms.
rush
名詞
衝刺
範例
- Last-minute rush creates stress and mistakes often.
- Morning rush causes traffic jams in city.
接下來學習什麼
常見問題
“food” 可數嗎？
通常，「food」是不可數的：There is some food in the kitchen. 當你指食物的類型時使用「foods」：Asian foods are popular here.
“dinner” 和 “supper” 有什麼區別？
在大多數英語變體中，「dinner」是主要的晚餐。「Supper」也有使用，特別是在某些地區，但它可能指較輕的晚餐。
如何提高餐廳英語？
學習完整的禮貌請求，練習閱讀菜單，角色扮演顧客和服務員。首先關注你最可能需要的短語。
“spicy” 和 “hot” 有什麼區別？
「Spicy」描述含有強烈香料的食物。「Hot」可以指辛辣，但也可以指高溫，所以當你指口味時「spicy」更清晰。
應該和食物詞彙一起學習食物習語嗎？
在掌握基本食物詞彙後再單獨學習習語。像 a piece of cake 這樣的習語沒有字面的食物含義。
