英語按主題學詞彙：20+主題分類單字清單
按主題學習英語詞彙是最有效率的策略之一。當你在主題群中學習單字——食物、旅行、健康、工作——你的大腦自然地連結它們，因為它們共享語境。你更容易記住「boarding pass（登機證）」，因為它與「gate（登機口）」、「departure（出發）」和「luggage（行李）」放在一起，而不是出現在「democracy（民主）」和「envelope（信封）」之間的隨機單字清單上。
認知語言學研究支持這一點：存儲在語義網絡（相關含義組）中的單字比孤立學習的單字更快更準確地被回憶起來。
本指南提供20+詞彙主題，每個主題有15-20個範例單字，從日常基礎（A1-A2）到進階專業和學術領域（B2-C1）分類。
如何使用主題詞彙
在深入學習單字清單之前，有四個原則使主題學習有效：
1. 從你現在需要的主題開始。 如果你下個月要旅行，從旅行開始。如果你在準備IELTS，從口說第2部分中出現的主題開始——健康、環境、教育、科技。
2. 每次學習10-15個單字。 研究顯示每次學習10-15個新單字是有效記憶的上限。
3. 始終在語境中學習單字。 下面每個單字都包含一個例句。閱讀句子，想象情況，並嘗試用這個單字創建自己的句子。
4. 使用間隔重複來保留它們。 在學習每個主題後，將單字添加到你的 Linglify 字典。
日常生活主題（A1-A2）
1. 問候和介紹
| 單字/短語 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| hello | 一般問候 | Hello, my name is Sara. |
| goodbye | 道別用語 | Goodbye, see you tomorrow. |
| please | 禮貌請求用語 | Can I have some water, please? |
| thank you | 感謝表達 | Thank you for helping me. |
| sorry | 道歉 | Sorry, I’m late. |
| nice to meet you | 初次見面的問候 | Nice to meet you. I’m Alex. |
| excuse me | 引起注意/通過時 | Excuse me, where is the bank? |
| how are you | 詢問健康狀況 | How are you? — I’m fine, thanks. |
| welcome | 歡迎某人到來 | Welcome to our office. |
2. 數字、時間和日期
| 單字/短語 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| one, two, three… | 計數數字 | I need three tickets. |
| hundred | 100 | There are a hundred students. |
| today | 今天 | I have a meeting today. |
| tomorrow | 明天 | The exam is tomorrow. |
| yesterday | 昨天 | I saw her yesterday. |
| Monday – Sunday | 一週的日子 | The class is on Wednesday. |
| January – December | 一年的月份 | My birthday is in March. |
| morning | 一天的早晨 | I exercise in the morning. |
| evening | 一天的傍晚 | We eat dinner in the evening. |
3. 食物和飲料
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| bread | 由麵粉製成的基本食物 | Can I have some bread, please? |
| rice | 主要穀物食物 | I eat rice every day. |
| chicken | 雞肉 | I ordered grilled chicken. |
| water | 用於飲用的清澈液體 | Just water, please. |
| coffee | 流行的熱飲 | I drink coffee every morning. |
| vegetable | 植物基食物 | You should eat more vegetables. |
| fruit | 植物的甜味食物（蘋果、香蕉） | I had fruit for breakfast. |
| menu | 餐廳的食物清單 | Can I see the menu? |
| delicious | 非常美味 | This pasta is delicious! |
| recipe | 烹飪說明 | I found a great recipe online. |
4. 衣服和時尚
衣物詞彙對購物、描述人物和日常對話非常重要。
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| shirt | 有領子的上身服裝 | He’s wearing a white shirt. |
| pants / trousers | 腿部服裝 | These pants are too long. |
| dress | 一件式服裝（通常為女性） | She wore a beautiful dress. |
| shoes | 鞋子 | I need new running shoes. |
| jacket | 保暖的外套 | Bring a jacket — it’s cold outside. |
| hat | 頭部覆蓋物 | She always wears a hat in summer. |
| socks | 腳部布料覆蓋物 | I packed three pairs of socks. |
| size | 服裝尺寸 | What size do you wear? |
| try on | 購買前試穿 | Can I try on this jacket? |
| casual | 非正式風格 | The dress code is casual. |
| formal | 正式、正裝風格 | You need formal clothes for the interview. |
5. 家和日常作息
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| bedroom | 睡覺的房間 | The apartment has two bedrooms. |
| kitchen | 烹飪的房間 | I cook dinner in the kitchen. |
| bathroom | 有廁所和淋浴的房間 | The bathroom is on the second floor. |
| furniture | 桌椅床等 | We need new furniture. |
| wake up | 停止睡眠 | I wake up at 7 AM. |
| take a shower | 洗澡 | I take a shower every morning. |
| cook | 準備食物 | My father cooks dinner on weekends. |
| clean | 清除灰塵 | I clean the apartment on Saturdays. |
| alarm | 喚醒你的設備 | My alarm goes off at 6:30. |
6. 家庭和關係
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| mother / father | 父母 | My mother is a teacher. |
| brother / sister | 兄弟姐妹 | I have two brothers and one sister. |
| son / daughter | 子女 | Their daughter starts school this year. |
| husband / wife | 已婚伴侶 | My wife works at a hospital. |
| friend | 你喜歡和信任的人 | She’s my best friend from school. |
| grandparents | 父母的父母 | My grandparents live in the countryside. |
| cousin | 叔叔/阿姨的孩子 | I have 12 cousins. |
| wedding | 結婚典禮 | The wedding is in June. |
實際情境主題（A2-B1）
7. 旅行和觀光
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| passport | 旅行身份文件 | Don’t forget your passport. |
| ticket | 已付費旅行的證明 | I booked a one-way ticket. |
| flight | 飛機旅程 | The flight to London takes 11 hours. |
| boarding pass | 進入飛機的卡 | Please show your boarding pass. |
| luggage / baggage | 旅行時攜帶的袋子 | My luggage weighs 23 kilos. |
| departure | 離開某地 | The departure time is 8:15 AM. |
| arrival | 到達目的地 | Check the arrival board for your train. |
| reservation | 提前預訂 | I have a reservation for two nights. |
| hotel | 旅行時居住的地方 | The hotel is near the city center. |
| sightseeing | 參觀景點 | We went sightseeing in Rome. |
| customs | 邊境檢查區域 | You must go through customs. |
| currency | 一個國家使用的貨幣 | The local currency is the euro. |
| souvenir | 旅行紀念購買的物品 | I got a souvenir for my mother. |
8. 方向和交通
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| left / right | 方向 | Turn left at the traffic light. |
| straight | 不轉彎 | Go straight for 200 meters. |
| bus stop | 公車停靠站 | The bus stop is across the street. |
| train station | 火車服務建築 | How do I get to the train station? |
| map | 某區域的視覺指南 | Can you show me on the map? |
| traffic | 路上的車輛 | There’s heavy traffic on this road. |
| subway / underground | 地下鐵路 | Take the subway to downtown. |
9. 購物和金錢
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| price | 某物的成本 | What’s the price of this? |
| discount | 降低的價格 | There’s a 20% discount today. |
| receipt | 購買證明 | Can I get a receipt, please? |
| cash | 實體貨幣 | Do you accept cash? |
| credit card | 付款用的塑膠卡 | I’ll pay by credit card. |
| refund | 退還物品的退款 | Can I get a refund? |
| sale | 降價活動 | The store is having a sale. |
| expensive | 高價 | This restaurant is too expensive. |
| customer | 購買的人 | The customer asked for help. |
10. 健康和身體
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| headache | 頭痛 | I have a terrible headache. |
| fever | 體溫高於正常 | She has a high fever. |
| medicine | 治療疾病的物質 | Take this medicine twice a day. |
| doctor | 醫療專業人員 | You should see a doctor. |
| hospital | 醫療治療場所 | He was taken to the hospital. |
| allergy | 對某種物質的負面反應 | I have a nut allergy. |
| prescription | 醫生的書面醫藥指示 | The pharmacy needs a prescription. |
| symptom | 疾病的徵兆 | What are your symptoms? |
| surgery | 外科手術 | He had knee surgery last month. |
| recover | 病後康復 | It takes time to fully recover. |
| healthy | 身體狀況良好 | Eating vegetables keeps you healthy. |
11. 天氣和自然
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| sunny | 陽光燦爛 | It’s sunny and warm today. |
| cloudy | 天空有雲覆蓋 | It was cloudy all morning. |
| rain | 從雲中落下的水 | Bring an umbrella — it might rain. |
| snow | 凍結的白色降水 | It snows a lot in December here. |
| storm | 嚴酷的雨/風天氣 | A storm is coming tonight. |
| temperature | 熱或冷的程度 | The temperature dropped to 5°C. |
| season | 一年中的時期（春、夏等） | Autumn is my favorite season. |
| ocean | 大片鹽水體 | We live near the ocean. |
| mountain | 非常高的陸地 | They went hiking in the mountains. |
12. 動物
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| dog | 常見寵物 | My dog loves playing in the park. |
| cat | 常見寵物 | The cat is sleeping on the sofa. |
| horse | 用於騎乘的大型動物 | She has been riding horses since age 5. |
| elephant | 最大的陸地動物 | We saw elephants at the zoo. |
| lion | 大型野生貓科動物 | The lion is called the king of the jungle. |
| pet | 在家飼養的動物 | Do you have any pets? |
| wild | 生活在自然中，未馴化 | Wild animals should stay in their habitat. |
| endangered | 有滅絕風險的 | Many species are endangered. |
| farm | 飼養動物的地方 | The farm has cows, chickens, and sheep. |
學術和職業主題（B1-B2）
13. 教育和學校
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| university | 高等教育機構 | She studies at the University of Tokyo. |
| degree | 學術資格 | He has a degree in engineering. |
| exam | 正式測試 | The final exam is next Monday. |
| lecture | 學術演講/課程 | The professor gave a lecture on economics. |
| assignment | 老師佈置的作業 | The assignment is due on Friday. |
| research | 發現事實的系統研究 | She is doing research on climate change. |
| scholarship | 學生的財務獎勵 | He received a full scholarship. |
| graduate | 完成學位課程 | I graduated in 2024. |
| tuition | 教育費用 | Tuition fees are increasing every year. |
| curriculum | 課程中的科目 | The curriculum includes math and science. |
| semester | 學年的一半 | I’m taking 5 courses this semester. |
14. 工作和商業
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| salary | 工作薪資 | The salary is paid monthly. |
| interview | 評估求職者的會面 | I have a job interview tomorrow. |
| résumé / CV | 列出工作經歷的文件 | Update your résumé before applying. |
| deadline | 完成某事的最後日期 | The project deadline is next week. |
| colleague | 和你一起工作的人 | My colleague helped me with the report. |
| promotion | 晉升到更高職位 | She got a promotion to manager. |
| client | 你服務的人或公司 | The client approved the design. |
| budget | 計劃金額 | The marketing budget is $50,000. |
| profit | 成本後的收益 | The company made a good profit. |
| contract | 法律協議 | Read the contract before signing. |
15. 科技和電腦
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| software | 在電腦上運行的程序 | We installed new software yesterday. |
| download | 從網路複製數據 | I downloaded the file in 2 minutes. |
| upload | 發送數據到網路 | Please upload your photo to the website. |
| password | 訪問的秘密字詞 | Change your password regularly. |
| Wi-Fi | 無線網路連接 | Is there free Wi-Fi here? |
| app | 手機/電腦應用程序 | This app translates text instantly. |
| cloud | 可從任何地方訪問的線上存儲 | I saved the document to the cloud. |
| website | 網路上的頁面 | Visit our website for more information. |
| cybersecurity | 防止數字攻擊的保護 | Cybersecurity is a growing field. |
16. 犯罪和法律
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| crime | 非法行為 | Crime rates have decreased. |
| law | 國家的官方規則 | The new law takes effect in January. |
| police | 執法人員 | The police are investigating the case. |
| judge | 決定法律案件的人 | The judge gave a fair sentence. |
| evidence | 支持聲明的證據 | The evidence was presented to the jury. |
| guilty | 對犯罪負責 | The jury found him guilty. |
| innocent | 無罪 | She was found innocent. |
| lawyer | 執業法律的人 | You should consult a lawyer. |
| witness | 看到某事件的人 | The witness described what happened. |
17. 金錢和財務
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| bank account | 在銀行保存金錢的安排 | I opened a bank account last week. |
| savings | 為未來保留的金錢 | I’m building my savings for a car. |
| loan | 必須償還的借款 | She took out a student loan. |
| interest | 借款收取的額外金錢 | The interest rate is 4.5%. |
| investment | 投入以賺取更多的金錢 | Real estate can be a good investment. |
| tax | 支付給政府的金錢 | Income tax is deducted from your salary. |
| debt | 你欠的金錢 | I’m trying to pay off my debt. |
| inflation | 隨時間上漲的物價 | Inflation is affecting food prices. |
| income | 從工作或投資中賺取的金錢 | Her annual income is $60,000. |
| expense | 花費在某事上的金錢 | My biggest expense is rent. |
進階和專業主題（B2-C1）
18. 環境和生態
這個主題在IELTS寫作任務2和口說第3部分中頻繁出現。
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| pollution | 環境中的有害物質 | Air pollution is a serious problem in cities. |
| climate change | 全球氣溫的長期變化 | Climate change affects every country. |
| renewable | 可以再次使用的（能源） | Solar power is a renewable energy source. |
| carbon footprint | 產生的溫室氣體總量 | We should reduce our carbon footprint. |
| deforestation | 砍伐大片森林 | Deforestation destroys animal habitats. |
| biodiversity | 一個地區生命的多樣性 | Biodiversity is declining worldwide. |
| sustainable | 能夠不造成傷害地持續 | Sustainable farming protects the soil. |
| recycle | 將廢物轉化為可重用材料 | We recycle paper, plastic, and glass. |
| conservation | 保護自然資源 | Wildlife conservation is essential. |
| emissions | 釋放到大氣中的氣體 | The factory reduced its emissions by 30%. |
| fossil fuel | 來自古代有機體的能源 | Fossil fuels include oil, coal, and gas. |
19. 科學和研究
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| experiment | 科學測試 | The students conducted an experiment. |
| hypothesis | 待測試的假設說明 | The hypothesis was confirmed by the data. |
| theory | 有證據支持的解釋 | The theory of evolution is well-established. |
| cell | 生命的基本單位 | The human body has trillions of cells. |
| species | 一組相似的有機體 | Many species are threatened by habitat loss. |
| DNA | 攜帶遺傳信息的分子 | DNA determines many physical traits. |
| energy | 做功的能力 | Solar panels convert sunlight into energy. |
| gravity | 將物體拉向彼此的力 | Gravity keeps us on the ground. |
| laboratory | 科學實驗的房間 | The laboratory has modern equipment. |
20. 媒體和傳播
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| news | 近期事件的信息 | I read the news every morning. |
| journalist | 報道新聞的人 | The journalist interviewed the president. |
| broadcast | 在電視或廣播上傳送 | The match will be broadcast live. |
| social media | 分享內容的線上平台 | Social media influences public opinion. |
| advertisement | 產品的付費推廣 | I saw an advertisement for the new phone. |
| subscribe | 定期訂閱內容 | Subscribe to our newsletter. |
| content | 線上或印刷發布的材料 | The website has great educational content. |
| audience | 觀看、閱讀或聆聽的人 | The show has a large audience. |
| viral | 在網路上快速傳播 | The video went viral overnight. |
| podcast | 線上可用的音頻節目 | I listen to English podcasts on my commute. |
21. 情感和心理
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| anxiety | 擔心或不安的感受 | She suffers from anxiety before exams. |
| confidence | 對自己能力的信念 | His confidence has grown this year. |
| motivation | 做某事的原因或欲望 | I need more motivation to study. |
| stress | 精神或情感壓力 | Work stress is affecting my sleep. |
| empathy | 理解他人感受 | Good leaders show empathy. |
| resilience | 從困難中恢復的能力 | Resilience is key to long-term success. |
| self-esteem | 你如何評價自己 | Positive feedback improves self-esteem. |
| mindset | 一個人的思維方式 | A growth mindset leads to better learning. |
| habit | 定期行為，通常是自動的 | Reading is a healthy habit. |
| well-being | 舒適健康的狀態 | Exercise improves overall well-being. |
22. 運動和健身
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| exercise | 健康的體力活動 | I exercise three times a week. |
| coach | 訓練運動員的人 | The coach designed a new training plan. |
| match | 競爭性比賽 | The tennis match lasted three hours. |
| tournament | 一系列競爭性比賽 | She won the regional tournament. |
| gym | 體力鍛煉場所 | I go to the gym after work. |
| championship | 決定最佳者的競爭 | The world championship starts next week. |
| marathon | 42.2公里跑步比賽 | She completed her first marathon. |
| injury | 身體損傷 | He missed the season due to a knee injury. |
| stamina | 持續體力努力的能力 | Swimming builds stamina. |
練習詞彙
accomplish
動詞
完成, 實現, 達成
範例
- She was able to accomplish all her goals before the deadline.
- Working together, the team can accomplish much more than individuals working alone.
admire
動詞
欣賞
範例
- I really admire people who volunteer their time to help others.
- Tourists often stop to admire the stunning architecture of the ancient cathedral.
agonize
動詞
折磨, 苦惱
範例
- Don't agonize too much about past mistakes that you cannot change.
- She continued to agonize over the difficult decision for weeks.
ambiguity
名詞
模糊
範例
- Legal documents should be written clearly to avoid any ambiguity.
- The contract's ambiguity led to disagreements between the two companies.
anxiously
副詞
焦急地
範例
- Students anxiously checked their phones for exam results.
- The family waited anxiously for news about their missing relative.
artery
名詞
動脈
範例
- The blocked artery required immediate surgical intervention to save his life.
- This highway is a major artery connecting the city to surrounding areas.
attainable
形容詞
可達成
範例
- Setting realistic and attainable goals helps maintain motivation for success.
- With proper training, running a marathon is an attainable objective.
badly
副詞
很不
範例
- She badly wanted to visit Paris before the end of summer.
- The team played badly and lost the championship game.
bathroom
名詞
浴室, 洗手間
範例
- Excuse me, could you tell me where the bathroom is located?
- The hotel bathroom was spacious and beautifully decorated.
bestseller
名詞
暢銷書
範例
- Her novel became an international bestseller within six months.
- The bookstore has a special section dedicated to current bestsellers.
bless
動詞
祝福
範例
- She felt blessed to have such wonderful friends.
- The priest blessed the newborn baby during the ceremony.
bottom
形容詞
底部
範例
- She keeps her shoes on the bottom shelf.
- The bottom line is that we need more funding.
broadcast
名詞
廣播
範例
- Millions watched the live broadcast of the event.
- The news broadcast revealed shocking new information.
buy
動詞
購買
範例
- She decided to buy organic vegetables at the local farmer's market.
- We plan to buy a new car before our summer vacation trip.
cardboard
名詞
硬紙板
範例
- Children made creative art projects using colored cardboard and glue.
- The moving boxes were made of sturdy corrugated cardboard material.
century
名詞
世紀
範例
- Medical advances in the past century have greatly improved human health.
- The ancient castle was built in the fourteenth century by local nobles.
choir
名詞
合唱團
範例
- She joined the school choir to improve her singing skills and confidence.
- The church choir performed beautiful hymns during the Sunday service.
coastal
形容詞
沿海的
範例
- Coastal towns often depend on fishing and tourism for their economy.
- The coastal erosion threatens many beachfront properties and buildings.
compile
動詞
編輯, 彙整
範例
- Programmer must compile source code before executing software application.
- Research team will compile data from multiple studies and sources.
conservative
名詞
保守派
範例
- Many conservatives oppose rapid changes to established social institutions.
- She is a conservative who believes in maintaining traditional family values.
corona
名詞
冠狀病毒
critic
名詞
批評家
範例
- Even his harshest critic admitted that the plan had merit.
- The restaurant critic wrote a positive review of the new establishment.
dash
名詞
衝刺
範例
- Add just a dash of salt to improve the soup's flavor.
- She made a mad dash for the door when it started raining.
deliberately
副詞
故意地
範例
- She deliberately arrived late to avoid the crowded opening ceremony.
- The artist deliberately used bright colors to create emotional impact.
devote
動詞
奉獻
範例
- Parents devote much time and energy to raising their children properly.
- She will devote her entire weekend to studying for final examinations.
如何按主題學習詞彙：一個系統
第1步：選擇你的主題
選擇一個現在對你的生活重要的主題。如果你正在找工作，從工作和商業開始。如果你即將旅行，從旅行開始。
第2步：每次學習10-15個單字
不要試圖一次學習一個主題的所有15-20個單字。取10-12個，用例句學習，然後測試自己。
第3步：創建你自己的句子
對每個單字，從你自己的生活中寫一個句子。「Pollution（污染）」+「My city has air pollution（我的城市有空氣污染）」比任何教科書中的例子都更令人難忘，因為它與你的經歷相連。
第4步：用間隔重複複習
第二天回來複習單字。哪些是你忘記的？那些需要更多重複。Linglify間隔重複系統自動處理這個問題。
第5步：轉到下一個主題
一旦你能回憶80%以上的主題單字，就轉到下一個。不要追求完美——追求進步。
考試的主題詞彙
IELTS
IELTS口說和寫作測試你討論一系列主題的能力：
| IELTS主題 | 本頁相關部分 |
|---|---|
| 健康和健身 | 健康和身體、運動和健身 |
| 教育 | 教育和學校 |
| 環境 | 環境和生態 |
| 科技 | 科技和電腦 |
| 犯罪 | 犯罪和法律 |
| 工作 | 工作和商業 |
| 旅行和觀光 | 旅行和觀光 |
接下來學習什麼
-
建立你的日常詞彙。 如果你想要最實用的單字，我們的英語日常用語指南提供500+按情況組織的單字。
-
掌握最常見的單字。 1000個最常見的英語單字涵蓋日常語音的85%。
-
了解你的程度。 CEFR詞彙指南說明在每個階段的預期。
-
使用有效的記憶法。 科學支持的技術使詞彙持久。閱讀如何記憶詞彙了解已驗證的策略。
常見問題
初學者最好的詞彙主題是什麼？
從你每天使用的主題開始：問候、數字、食物、家庭、家和衣服。
我每天應該學習多少主題詞彙？
研究表明每次學習10-15個新單字是最佳的記憶效果。關注質量而不是數量——用含義、發音和例句學習每個單字。
哪些詞彙主題在IELTS中出現最多？
最常見的IELTS主題是環境、教育、健康、科技、犯罪、工作和媒體。這些在口說第2部分、口說第3部分和寫作任務2中定期出現。
按主題學習詞彙還是按頻率學習更好？
兩種方法都有效——最佳策略結合兩者。首先學習最常見的1,000個單字（基於頻率）建立基礎。然後切換到主題學習以填補特定需要的空白。
如何長期記住主題詞彙？
三種技術效果最好：（1）在語境中用例句學習單字，而不是作為孤立的翻譯。（2）使用間隔重複——以增加的間隔複習單字。（3）主動使用單字——寫句子、大聲說出來，或在文章和播客中找到它們。
