不規則動詞清單：200個英語動詞附過去式和含義
規則動詞遵循一個簡單的規則：加「-ed」來構成過去式。Walk → walked。Talk → talked。但英語中最常用的動詞完全打破了這個規則。Go → went。Think → thought。Be → was/were。這些是不規則動詞，你無法避免它們。
這個清單涵蓋200個不規則英語動詞，附過去簡單式、過去分詞形式和含義。動詞按規律組織——而不是按字母順序——讓你能看到哪些動詞遵循相似的規律並成組記憶它們。
- 動詞總數：200個
- 最適合：A2-C1學習者、IELTS/TOEFL準備、語法參考
- 使用方法：每天學習一組，自測，然後用間隔重複複習
這些動詞如何被選出
英語中有大約200個常用不規則動詞，共約470個。我們根據三個標準選出這200個：
- 頻率 — 動詞在口語和書面英語中出現的頻率（基於語料庫數據）
- 考試相關性 — 出現在IELTS、TOEFL和劍橋考試中的動詞
- CEFR水平 — 涵蓋A1到C1，最常用的動詞優先
最常用的50個不規則動詞涵蓋日常英語中約87%的不規則動詞使用。如果時間有限，從這些開始。
50個最常用不規則動詞
這是你的快速參考。如果只學50個，就學這些：
| # | 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | was/were | been | 存在，等於 |
| 2 | have | had | had | 擁有，持有 |
| 3 | do | did | done | 執行，完成 |
| 4 | say | said | said | 說話，表達 |
| 5 | go | went | gone | 移動，旅行 |
| 6 | get | got | got/gotten | 獲得，變成 |
| 7 | make | made | made | 創造，生產 |
| 8 | know | knew | known | 知道，了解 |
| 9 | think | thought | thought | 考慮，相信 |
| 10 | take | took | taken | 抓取，攜帶 |
| 11 | see | saw | seen | 用眼睛感知 |
| 12 | come | came | come | 到達，接近 |
| 13 | find | found | found | 發現，定位 |
| 14 | give | gave | given | 交給，提供 |
| 15 | tell | told | told | 告知，敘述 |
| 16 | feel | felt | felt | 感覺，體驗 |
| 17 | become | became | become | 成長為，變成 |
| 18 | leave | left | left | 離開，拋棄 |
| 19 | put | put | put | 放置，擺放 |
| 20 | mean | meant | meant | 表示，打算 |
| 21 | keep | kept | kept | 保留，繼續 |
| 22 | let | let | let | 允許，許可 |
| 23 | begin | began | begun | 開始，著手 |
| 24 | show | showed | shown | 展示，演示 |
| 25 | hear | heard | heard | 感知聲音 |
| 26 | run | ran | run | 用腳快速移動 |
| 27 | hold | held | held | 握住，保持在手中 |
| 28 | write | wrote | written | 把文字寫在紙上 |
| 29 | stand | stood | stood | 直立 |
| 30 | lose | lost | lost | 丟失，未能贏得 |
| 31 | pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
| 32 | meet | met | met | 遇到，被介紹認識 |
| 33 | bring | brought | brought | 攜帶到 |
| 34 | buy | bought | bought | 購買 |
| 35 | sit | sat | sat | 坐著 |
| 36 | speak | spoke | spoken | 說話，講 |
| 37 | read | read | read | 閱讀並理解文本 |
| 38 | grow | grew | grown | 增加，培養 |
| 39 | lead | led | led | 引導，指導 |
| 40 | fall | fell | fallen | 向下掉落 |
| 41 | send | sent | sent | 使去，派遣 |
| 42 | build | built | built | 建造 |
| 43 | spend | spent | spent | 使用（金錢或時間） |
| 44 | win | won | won | 獲勝 |
| 45 | teach | taught | taught | 指導，教育 |
| 46 | catch | caught | caught | 抓住，捕捉 |
| 47 | choose | chose | chosen | 選擇，挑選 |
| 48 | sell | sold | sold | 換取金錢 |
| 49 | break | broke | broken | 損壞，打碎 |
| 50 | drive | drove | driven | 操作車輛 |
按規律分類的完整不規則動詞清單
記憶不規則動詞的關鍵是注意規律。以下所有200個動詞按它們如何變化分組。每次學一組——你的大腦記憶規律比隨機清單好得多。
第1組：無變化（原形 = 過去簡單式 = 過去分詞）
最簡單的一組。動詞在三種形式中保持不變。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bet | bet | bet | 打賭，賭博 |
| burst | burst | burst | 爆炸，破裂 |
| cast | cast | cast | 投擲，投射 |
| cost | cost | cost | 價格為 |
| cut | cut | cut | 用刀片切割 |
| fit | fit | fit | 尺寸合適 |
| hit | hit | hit | 打擊，撞擊 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 造成疼痛 |
| let | let | let | 允許，許可 |
| put | put | put | 放置，擺放 |
| quit | quit | quit | 停止，辭職 |
| rid | rid | rid | 擺脫，移除 |
| set | set | set | 放置，建立 |
| shed | shed | shed | 失去，脫落 |
| shut | shut | shut | 關閉 |
| split | split | split | 分割，分離 |
| spread | spread | spread | 延伸，分發 |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | 用力推 |
提示： 這些動詞很容易記，因為什麼都不變。但要小心——學習者常常錯誤地加「-ed」：「I cutted the paper」是錯的。
第2組：-ought / -aught 規律
這些動詞在過去式中都以「-ought」或「-aught」結尾。最易識別的規律之一。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bring | brought | brought | 攜帶到 |
| buy | bought | bought | 購買 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓住，捕捉 |
| fight | fought | fought | 鬥爭，戰鬥 |
| seek | sought | sought | 尋找 |
| teach | taught | taught | 指導，教育 |
| think | thought | thought | 考慮，相信 |
提示： 注意「bring」→「brought」和「buy」→「bought」聽起來幾乎相同。將它們組合在一起記憶。
第3組：母音變化 i → a → u
最清晰的規律之一：母音在三種形式中從「i」變為「a」再變為「u」。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| begin | began | begun | 開始，著手 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 吞嚥液體 |
| ring | rang | rung | 發出鈴聲 |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | 變得更小 |
| sing | sang | sung | 用聲音唱歌 |
| sink | sank | sunk | 沉入水面下 |
| spring | sprang | sprung | 跳躍，出現 |
| stink | stank | stunk | 氣味很難聞 |
| swim | swam | swum | 在水中移動 |
提示： 大聲說出來：「swim, swam, swum」——節奏很容易記住。
第4組：-ew → -own / -awn 規律
原形改變，過去簡單式以「-ew」結尾，過去分詞以「-own」或「-awn」結尾。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| blow | blew | blown | 送出空氣 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 素描，拉 |
| fly | flew | flown | 在空中移動 |
| grow | grew | grown | 增加，培養 |
| know | knew | known | 知道，了解 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 通過空氣發送 |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | 取出，撤退 |
第5組：-oke → -oken / -oze → -ozen 規律
母音在過去式中變為「o」，過去分詞加「-en」。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| break | broke | broken | 損壞，打碎 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇，挑選 |
| freeze | froze | frozen | 結冰，停止移動 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說話，講 |
| steal | stole | stolen | 未經許可拿走 |
| wake | woke | woken | 停止睡眠 |
| weave | wove | woven | 交織線 |
第6組：-ove → -iven / -ore → -orn 規律
母音變化，過去分詞加「-en」或「-n」。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bear | bore | borne | 攜帶，忍受 |
| bite | bit | bitten | 用牙齒切割 |
| drive | drove | driven | 操作車輛 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 消費食物 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 向下掉落 |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止，不准 |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | 原諒，寬恕 |
| give | gave | given | 交給，提供 |
| hide | hid | hidden | 隱藏，保密 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎乘並控制 |
| rise | rose | risen | 向上 |
| shake | shook | shaken | 顫抖，震動 |
| swear | swore | sworn | 發誓，用粗口 |
| take | took | taken | 抓取，攜帶 |
| tear | tore | torn | 撕裂 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿著（衣物） |
| write | wrote | written | 把文字寫在紙上 |
第7組：過去簡單式和過去分詞相同
最大的一組。過去簡單式和過去分詞相同，但與原形不同。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bend | bent | bent | 彎曲，折疊 |
| bind | bound | bound | 捆綁，固定 |
| bleed | bled | bled | 失血 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | 著火，點燃 |
| deal | dealt | dealt | 處理，交易 |
| dig | dug | dug | 在地上挖洞 |
| feed | fed | fed | 給食物 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感覺，體驗 |
| find | found | found | 發現，定位 |
| flee | fled | fled | 逃離危險 |
| get | got | got | 獲得，變成 |
| hang | hung | hung | 從上面懸掛 |
| have | had | had | 擁有，持有 |
| hear | heard | heard | 感知聲音 |
| hold | held | held | 握住，保持在手中 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保留，繼續 |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | 跪下 |
| lay | laid | laid | 平放 |
| lead | led | led | 引導，指導 |
| leave | left | left | 離開，拋棄 |
| lend | lent | lent | 臨時借給 |
| light | lit | lit | 點燃，放火 |
| lose | lost | lost | 丟失，未能保留 |
| make | made | made | 創造，生產 |
| mean | meant | meant | 表示，打算 |
| meet | met | met | 遇到，被介紹認識 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
| read | read | read | 閱讀並理解文本 |
| say | said | said | 說話，表達 |
| sell | sold | sold | 換取金錢 |
| send | sent | sent | 使去，派遣 |
| shine | shone | shone | 發光 |
| shoot | shot | shot | 射擊武器 |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐著 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 閉眼休息 |
| spend | spent | spent | 使用（金錢或時間） |
| spin | spun | spun | 快速旋轉 |
| stand | stood | stood | 直立 |
| stick | stuck | stuck | 附著，被困住 |
| sting | stung | stung | 用尖端刺 |
| strike | struck | struck | 打擊，罷工 |
| sweep | swept | swept | 用掃帚清潔 |
| swing | swung | swung | 前後移動 |
| tell | told | told | 告知，敘述 |
| understand | understood | understood | 理解，掌握 |
| weep | wept | wept | 哭泣，流淚 |
| win | won | won | 獲勝 |
| wind | wound | wound | 轉動，扭曲 |
第8組：原形 = 過去分詞（過去簡單式不同）
一個小而棘手的組。原形和過去分詞相同，但過去簡單式不同。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| become | became | become | 成長為，變成 |
| come | came | come | 到達，接近 |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | 打敗，克服 |
| run | ran | run | 用腳快速移動 |
第9組：完全獨特的不規則動詞
這些動詞完全沒有規律。你必須單獨記憶它們。
| 原形 | 過去簡單式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been | 存在，等於 |
| do | did | done | 執行，完成 |
| go | went | gone | 移動，旅行 |
| lie | lay | lain | 躺下，水平 |
| see | saw | seen | 用眼睛感知 |
| show | showed | shown | 展示，演示 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | 錯誤識別 |
現在練習不規則動詞
beat
動詞
敲打, 拍打
範例
- Beat the eggs thoroughly before adding them to the mixture.
- Our team managed to beat the defending champions yesterday.
become
動詞
變成
範例
- She wants to become a professional dancer after graduation.
- The weather will become warmer as spring approaches slowly.
begin
動詞
開始
範例
- Students begin their final exams next week.
- The concert will begin at eight o'clock sharp tonight.
bite
動詞
咬
範例
- Mosquitoes bite people during warm summer evenings outdoors.
- The dog won't bite if you approach it gently.
blow
動詞
打
範例
- She taught her son how to blow bubbles with soap.
- The wind began to blow harder as the storm approached.
break
動詞
打破
範例
- Be careful not to break the expensive vase.
- They decided to break the contract due to violations.
choke
動詞
窒息
範例
- The child began to choke on a piece of candy during lunch.
- Weeds can choke the growth of flowers in an untended garden.
drive
動詞
駕駛
範例
- Ambition and determination drive successful people to achieve their goals.
- She learned to drive when she was sixteen years old.
fall
動詞
跌倒
範例
- Be careful not to fall when you're climbing the steep mountain trail.
- Stock prices tend to fall during periods of economic uncertainty.
fight
動詞
戰鬥
範例
- Soldiers fight bravely to defend their country from enemy invasion.
- The two children began to fight over who would play with the toy.
forget
動詞
忘記
範例
- Don't forget to call your mother on her birthday next week.
- Students often forget important information when they're nervous during exams.
freely
副詞
自由地
範例
- Birds can fly freely through the open sky without any restrictions.
- Students are encouraged to express their opinions freely during class discussions.
grow
動詞
成長, 種植
範例
- Children grow rapidly during their teenage years and need proper nutrition.
- The farmer decided to grow organic vegetables to sell at the market.
hide
動詞
藏起
範例
- She tried to hide her disappointment when she didn't get the promotion.
- The children love to hide behind trees during their game of hide-and-seek.
hold
動詞
握住
範例
- Please hold my hand while we cross the busy street safely.
- The conference room can hold up to fifty people comfortably.
lead
動詞
帶領, 引導
範例
- Experienced guides lead tourists through dangerous mountain paths safely.
- Good managers lead by example rather than just giving orders.
lose
動詞
失去
範例
- Don't lose important documents when traveling to foreign countries.
- Our team might lose the game if players don't improve.
ring
動詞
打電話
範例
- Church bells ring every hour throughout day.
- Mother will ring school about child's absence.
rise
動詞
升起
範例
- Housing prices continue to rise in popular.
- Sun will rise early during summer months.
shake
動詞
搖動
範例
- Earthquake will shake buildings for several minutes.
- Friends shake hands when meeting after separation.
speak
動詞
說話
範例
- Public speaker must speak clearly to audience.
- Student learns to speak foreign language fluently.
steal
動詞
偷竊, 盜取
範例
- Good deal can steal customer attention from.
- Thieves may steal valuable items from homes.
swim
動詞
游泳
範例
- Children learn to swim for safety recreation.
- Fish swim gracefully through clear ocean water.
tear
動詞
撕裂
範例
- Child might tear clothing while playing outdoors.
- Strong wind may tear paper from hands.
throughout
副詞
整個
範例
- Rain continues throughout entire day without stopping.
- Support remains strong throughout difficult times challenges.
如何有效學習不規則動詞
1. 按規律學習，而不是按字母順序。 上面的組存在是有原因的。當你把「drink/drank/drunk」和「swim/swam/swum」和「sing/sang/sung」一起學習時，i→a→u的規律會相互強化。
2. 大聲說出來。 不規則動詞是有節奏的。說「begin, began, begun」三次會創造一個留下來的聲音記憶。默讀對動詞來說是不夠的。
3. 先集中在最常用的50個上。 本文頂部的表格涵蓋87%的日常不規則動詞使用。在繼續不常用動詞之前掌握這些。
4. 立即在句子中使用它們。 學習「steal/stole/stolen」後，寫：「Someone stole my umbrella yesterday. My umbrella has been stolen twice this year.」 語境讓形式留下來。
5. 每天自測。 遮住過去式列並嘗試回憶它們。測試期間的錯誤實際上強化了記憶——這叫做測試效應。
不規則動詞的常見錯誤
1. 在不規則動詞後加「-ed」。 「I buyed a new phone」→「I bought a new phone.」這是最常見的錯誤，尤其是高頻動詞。
2. 混淆過去簡單式和過去分詞。 「I have went there」→「I have gone there.」過去分詞與「have/has/had」一起使用，而不是過去簡單式。
3. 混淆 lie 和 lay。 「Lie」（躺下）→ lay → lain。「Lay」（把某物放下）→ laid → laid。這是兩個有重疊形式的不同動詞。
4. 對「read」使用錯誤形式。 三種形式拼寫相同，但發音變化：原形「reed」→ 過去簡單式「red」→ 過去分詞「red」。
5. 忘記一些動詞有兩種正確形式。 「Learnt」和「learned」都是正確的。英式英語傾向於「-t」形式；美式英語偏向「-ed」。
接下來做什麼
- 從最常用的50個開始。
- 繼續學習進階動詞。 一旦你知道前50個，探索像「weave」、「dwell」和「grind」這樣的動詞。
- 在考試語境中練習。 查看我們的IELTS詞彙指南。
常見問題
英語中有多少個不規則動詞？
英語中有大約200個常用不規則動詞，共約470個（包括罕見和古老形式）。50個最常用的不規則動詞佔日常口語和寫作中所有不規則動詞使用的約87%。
學習不規則動詞最簡單的方法是什麼？
按規律分組，而不是按字母順序記憶。大聲說出形式也有幫助——你的大腦記住聲音比紙上的清單更好。
我需要知道所有200個不規則動詞嗎？
不需要立刻。從最常用的50個開始——它們涵蓋大多數日常英語情況。每週添加10-15個新動詞。
過去簡單式和過去分詞有什麼區別？
過去簡單式單獨用於描述完成的動作：「I broke the glass.」過去分詞與助動詞（have, has, had）一起用於完成時態：「I have broken the glass.」
不規則動詞在IELTS和TOEFL中考嗎？
是的。不規則動詞出現在閱讀段落、聽力部分，對寫作和口說也至關重要。
