學術英語單字表：570個必學詞族
學術英語單字表（AWL）是當日常英語不夠用時一個實用的起點。它包含570個詞族，這些詞族在大學程度的文章中頻繁出現——從心理學和經濟學到科學和歷史。這些不是像 mitochondria（粒線體）或 jurisdiction（司法管轄）這樣的專業術語。它們是幫助學術文章解釋、比較、測量和論證的通用詞彙。
學習AWL不會自動讓一篇文章變得學術化。它給你提供理解課堂講座、更高效地閱讀研究資料，以及更精確地表達想法的基礎。關鍵是把單字作為詞族來學習，並在真實的句子中使用它們。
什麼是學術英語單字表？
AWL是由語言學家 Averil Coxhead 從大量學術文章中開發出來的。其570個詞族被選中的原因是，它們在學術寫作中頻繁出現，但在日常一般英語清單中較不常見。
詞族將相關形式圍繞一個基本單字分組。當你好好學習一個詞族時，你可以同時掌握幾種有用的形式。
| 詞族 | 有用的形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| analyse | analysis, analytical, analytically | The report analyses the causes of the decline. |
| assess | assessment, reassess | The tutor assessed the evidence carefully. |
| define | definition, defined | The introduction defines the key term. |
| indicate | indication, indicative | The results indicate a clear pattern. |
| significant | significance, significantly | The change was statistically significant. |
這份清單特別適合你，如果你：
- 正在備考 IELTS Academic、TOEFL 或大學入學考試；
- 在英語中閱讀文章、教科書或報告；
- 撰寫論文、研究摘要和正式電子郵件；
- 正在從B2進步到C1。
如果你仍然需要紮實的一般英語基礎，請從 B2語法與詞彙指南 開始。如需有系統的練習，請瀏覽 C1詞彙庫。
首先學習的學術詞族
不要把所有570個詞族當作一份長長的字母表清單來學習。按照它們在文章中的功能分組。這有助於你在閱讀時識別它們，在寫作時選擇它們。
描述想法和資訊
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| concept | 一個想法或原則 | The course introduces the concept of supply and demand. |
| context | 圍繞某事的情境 | The quote must be understood in its historical context. |
| factor | 影響結果的因素 | Cost was an important factor in the decision. |
| function | 目的或角色 | The main function of the chart is to compare results. |
| issue | 重要的主題或問題 | The article addresses the issue of public transport. |
| principle | 基本規則或想法 | The method is based on a simple principle. |
| theory | 解釋某事的一套想法 | The evidence supports the theory. |
| structure | 各部分的組織方式 | Use clear headings to improve the structure of your essay. |
解釋研究和證據
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| analyse | 仔細審查 | The researchers analysed data from 800 participants. |
| assess | 判斷品質、價值或效果 | The study assesses the risks of the policy. |
| data | 用於分析的事實或測量值 | The data were collected over six months. |
| derive | 從來源獲得某物 | The figures are derived from a national survey. |
| evident | 清楚或容易看到 | It became evident that the first plan would fail. |
| identify | 識別並命名 | The report identifies three main causes. |
| interpret | 解釋資訊的含義 | Be careful not to interpret one result too broadly. |
| method | 做某事的方式 | The paper explains its research method in detail. |
顯示關係和變化
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| affect | 影響 | Sleep can affect memory and concentration. |
| benefit | 優點或有益的結果 | One benefit of the system is faster feedback. |
| consist of | 由…構成 | The sample consisted of adult learners. |
| contribute to | 幫助引起或產生 | Poor planning contributed to the delay. |
| increase | 變得或使更多 | The new rule increased costs. |
| occur | 發生 | Most errors occur at the final stage. |
| vary | 改變或不同 | Results vary across age groups. |
| impact | 強烈影響 | The change had a major impact on demand. |
建立論點
| 單字 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| assume | 在沒有証據的情況下接受為真 | Do not assume that one example proves a rule. |
| claim | 說某事是真的 | The author claims that the reform will reduce costs. |
| establish | 清楚地展示或牢固地創建 | The study establishes a link between the two factors. |
| indicate | 顯示或建議 | The graph indicates steady growth. |
| justify | 給出充分的理由 | You need to justify your conclusion with evidence. |
| require | 需要 | The task requires careful comparison. |
| respond | 反應或回答 | The paper responds to a common criticism. |
| significant | 重要或大到足以重要 | There was a significant difference between the groups. |
如何自然地使用學術詞彙
學術詞彙應該使意思更清晰，而不是使句子聽起來更複雜。比較這兩個版本：
基本版： The study looked at why students left the course and found that money was important.
更精確的版本： The study analysed the factors that contributed to students leaving the course and identified financial pressure as a significant issue.
第二個版本不是因為每個單字都很難所以更好。它更好是因為每個單字都有明確的功能：analysed 解釋了研究行動，factors 命名了原因，contributed to 表達了關係，identified 報告了發現。
在添加新學術詞彙之前，使用這四個檢查：
- 含義是否精確？ 只在你的意思是「影響」時選擇 affect，而不是簡單地「發生在附近」。
- 單字是否符合語法？ 學習其常見模式：analyse data、contribute to a problem、be significant for。
- 語域是否合適？ 學術詞彙適合論文或報告；對話可能需要更簡單的語言。
- 你能造自己的例句嗎？ 如果不能，回到語境再試一次。
實用的AWL學習方法
每週學習十到十五個詞族。對每個詞族，學習一個核心形式、一個相關形式、一個常見搭配詞，以及一個來自你自己科目的例句。
| 天數 | 任務 | 以詞族 analyse 為例 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 注意 | 在文章中劃線 analysis |
| 2 | 繪製詞族 | analyse, analysis, analytical |
| 3 | 學習搭配詞 | analyse data / conduct an analysis |
| 4 | 寫作 | This analysis compares two approaches. |
| 5 | 複習 | 不看就回憶含義 |
| 6–7 | 使用 | 在摘要中自然地加入這個單字 |
在 Linglify 中保留個人清單，而不是被動的筆記本。添加你遇到的單字，隨時間複習它們，並造關於你實際學習的主題的短句。對於考試導向的詞彙，另請參見 完整IELTS詞彙指南 和 IELTS 8–9分詞彙指南。
詞彙練習：儲存學術單字
將這些單字加入你的 Linglify 字典。閱讀例句，然後用其中至少三個寫一段關於你了解的主題的短段落。
uneven
形容詞
不平衡的
範例
- Uneven ground makes walking difficult and dangerous.
- Uneven performance shows inconsistent skill level development.
mundane
形容詞
平凡的
範例
- He found the routine mundane and boring.
- The job was too mundane for his taste.
drastic
形容詞
激烈
範例
- The government took drastic measures to control inflation.
- They made a drastic change to the plan.
frail
形容詞
脆弱的, 虛弱的
範例
- Her frail appearance worried everyone.
- The frail old man needed assistance to walk.
substantially
副詞
大幅地, 實質上
範例
- Her performance substantially improved after additional training and practice.
- Prices have increased substantially over the past few months.
acclaimed
形容詞
受到讚譽的
範例
- His performance was acclaimed by critics.
- The acclaimed author received many awards for her novel.
lawyer
名詞
律師
範例
- Every person accused of crime has right to lawyer representation.
- The experienced lawyer provided excellent legal advice to her clients.
memorable
形容詞
難忘的, 令人難忘的, 值得紀念的
範例
- Graduation day was memorable occasion for entire family.
- The memorable speech inspired students to pursue their dreams.
traditional
形容詞
傳統的
範例
- Traditional cooking methods preserve authentic flavors perfectly.
- Traditional music reflects cultural history and values.
privacy
名詞
隱私
範例
- Hotel guests expect privacy during their stay.
- Internet privacy becomes increasingly important issue nowadays.
scenic
形容詞
風景優美的
範例
- Scenic overlook provides perfect spot for photographs.
- Scenic route takes longer but offers beautiful.
conservation
名詞
保育
範例
- Water conservation becomes increasingly important during periods of severe drought.
- Wildlife conservation is essential for protecting endangered species from extinction.
heritage
名詞
遺產
範例
- She inherited a rich heritage of family traditions from her grandparents.
- The ancient castle is an important part of our cultural heritage.
sustainable
形容詞
可持續的
範例
- Company implements sustainable business model for long-term success.
- Sustainable farming practices protect soil and water resources.
serenity
名詞
寧靜
範例
- She maintained her serenity despite the chaos.
- The serenity of the lake was calming.
indication
名詞
指示
範例
- The indication of his illness was clear after the tests.
- There was no indication that she was unhappy.
leisure
名詞
休閒
範例
- People enjoy various leisure activities during weekends and holidays.
- Reading books is popular leisure pursuit for many educated people.
pollution
名詞
污染
範例
- Air pollution affects public health in cities.
- Ocean pollution threatens marine life worldwide.
poetic
形容詞
詩意的, 富有詩意的
範例
- His speech had a poetic quality that moved everyone.
- The poem's poetic language captivated the audience.
discretion
名詞
謹慎
範例
- He exercised discretion in his decisions.
- Use your discretion when sharing information.
cancellation
名詞
取消, 撤銷
範例
- Due to weather, the flight cancellation was inevitable.
- The concert's cancellation disappointed many fans.
commute
動詞
通勤
範例
- Public transportation helps people commute efficiently reducing traffic congestion.
- Workers commute daily between suburban homes and downtown offices.
broadcast
名詞
廣播
範例
- Millions watched the live broadcast of the event.
- The news broadcast revealed shocking new information.
接下來做什麼
常見問題
學術英語單字表對IELTS有用嗎？
是的，特別是對IELTS Academic閱讀和寫作。AWL給你提供描述證據、比較想法和解釋原因的有用單字。這不是保證分數的公式：你仍然需要主題詞彙、清晰的組織和準確的語法。
我應該學習全部570個學術英語單字表詞族嗎？
你可以，但不是一次全部學。從你在教科書、課程或練習考試中反覆看到的詞族開始。對100個常用詞族的深入了解，比認識570個無法使用的單字更有價值。
學術詞彙和困難詞彙有什麼區別？
學術詞彙之所以有用，是因為它在正式文章中執行常見的功能：定義、分析、比較和評估。困難的單字可能很少見或高度專業。選擇一個單字是因為它精確有用，而不是因為它看起來很高端。
我可以在對話中使用學術英語單字表的單字嗎？
有些單字，如 factor、benefit 和 require，在許多環境中都有效。其他的在隨意聊天中可能聽起來太正式。注意環境，當自然對話是目標時，選擇更簡單的替代詞。
