英語動詞清單:按程度分類的300個最重要動詞
詞彙學習

英語動詞清單:按程度分類的300個最重要動詞

#動詞 #詞性 #詞彙 #單字清單 #語法
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動詞是每個英語句子的引擎。沒有動詞,什麼都不會發生——沒有人做任何事情、成為任何事情或體驗任何事情。名詞命名世界;形容詞描述它;但動詞讓它動起來。

英語大約有25,000個動詞,但你不需要大多數。研究表明,300個最常見的動詞涵蓋了日常交流中大約90%的所有動詞使用。掌握這300個,你幾乎可以表達你需要說的任何東西。

本指南按CEFR程度(A1-C1)和使用類別分類給你這300個動詞。每個動詞包含其含義、例句和顯示母語者如何實際使用它的常見句型。

  • 動詞總數:300
  • 分類方式:CEFR程度(A1-C1)和語義類別
  • 格式:動詞 → 含義 → 句型 → 例句
  • 最適合:詞彙建立、語法參考、考試準備

英語動詞的工作原理:快速概覽

動詞形式

每個英語動詞有5種形式(規則動詞)或最多5種不規則形式:

形式 規則(work) 不規則(go) 用途
原形 work go 一般現在式、不定式
第三人稱-s works goes He/she/it現在式
過去式 worked went 過去事件
過去分詞 worked gone 完成式、被動語態
-ing形式 working going 進行式、動名詞

及物 vs 不及物

類型 定義 例句
及物 需要賓語 She wrote a letter.
不及物 不需要賓語 He arrived late.
兩者皆可 兩種方式都可使用 She runs a company. / She runs every morning.

動詞句型

知道動詞的含義是不夠的——你需要知道它後面跟什麼:

句型 例句
動詞 + 不定式(to + 動詞) I want to learn English.
動詞 + -ing I enjoy reading books.
動詞 + 賓語 She made a decision.
動詞 + 賓語 + 不定式 He asked me to help.
動詞 + 介詞 She depends on her family.

A1程度:基本動詞(75個動詞)

這些動詞是絕對的基礎。每個英語學習者從第一天就需要它們。

存在和擁有

# 動詞 含義 句型 例句
1 be 存在;等同 be + 形容詞/名詞 She is happy. / He is a teacher.
2 have 擁有;體驗 have + 名詞 I have two children.
3 do 執行動作 do + 名詞 He does his homework every evening.
4 become 變成 become + 形容詞/名詞 She became a doctor.
5 seem 看起來像是 seem + 形容詞/to + 動詞 He seems tired.

移動

# 動詞 含義 句型 例句
6 go 移動到某地 go + to + 地點 I go to work at 8 AM.
7 come 向說話者移動 come + to/from Come to my office after lunch.
8 get 獲得;到達;變成 get + 名詞/形容詞/to I got a message.
9 run 快速跑步 run + 方向 He runs every morning.
10 walk 步行 walk + to/along We walked to the station.
11 move 改變位置/地點 move + to/from They moved to London last year.
12 leave 離開 leave + 地點/時間 She leaves the office at 6 PM.
13 arrive 到達目的地 arrive + at/in We arrived at the airport two hours early.
14 return 回來/回去 return + to He returned to his hometown.

交流

# 動詞 含義 句型 例句
15 say 說話 say + that/引語 She said she was busy.
16 tell 告知某人 tell + 人 + that/to Tell me what happened.
17 ask 請求信息/幫助 ask + 人 + 問題/to He asked me to wait outside.
18 speak 使用語言 speak + 語言/to 某人 She speaks three languages fluently.
19 talk 進行對話 talk + to/about We talked about the project.
20 call 打電話;稱呼 call + 人/名詞 I’ll call you tomorrow.
21 write 寫文字 write + 名詞/to 某人 He wrote a long email.
22 read 理解書面文字 read + 名詞 She reads the newspaper.
23 listen 注意聲音 listen + to Listen to this song.

行動和工作

# 動詞 含義 句型 例句
24 make 創造;引起 make + 名詞/形容詞 She made a cake.
25 take 獲取;攜帶;需要時間 take + 名詞/時間 Take your keys.
26 give 遞給某人 give + 人 + 東西 He gave her a gift.
27 put 放置在某位置 put + 東西 + 地點 Put the book on the table.
28 use 用於某目的 use + 名詞 + to/for I use this app to learn vocabulary.
29 work 做工作;運作 work + at/for/as She works for a tech company.
30 help 協助某人 help + 人 + (to) 動詞 Can you help me?
31 try 嘗試 try + to 動詞/-ing I’m trying to learn 5 new words.
32 start 開始 start + -ing/to 動詞 She started learning English.
33 stop 停止 stop + -ing Stop talking and listen.
34 pay 給付金錢 pay + for/金額 She paid $50 for the ticket.

思考和感受

# 動詞 含義 句型 例句
35 think 用頭腦思考;認為 think + about/that I think this is a good idea.
36 know 擁有信息/技能 know + that/how/名詞 I know how to cook Italian food.
37 want 想要 want + to 動詞/名詞 She wants to travel the world.
38 need 需要 need + to 動詞/名詞 You need to study more.
39 like 享受;覺得愉快 like + -ing/名詞 I like reading before bed.
40 love 感受強烈愛意 love + -ing/名詞/人 She loves her job.
41 feel 體驗情緒/感覺 feel + 形容詞 I feel tired after a long day.
42 believe 認為某事是真的 believe + that/in I believe this plan will work.
43 understand 理解含義 understand + 名詞/that I don’t understand this question.
44 remember 記住 remember + -ing/to 動詞 I remember meeting her.
45 forget 忘記 forget + to 動詞/about Don’t forget to lock the door.
46 hope 希望某事 hope + to 動詞/that I hope to see you again soon.

日常生活

# 動詞 含義 例句
47 live 居住;存活 She lives in a small apartment downtown.
48 eat 進食 We usually eat dinner at 7 PM.
49 drink 喝飲料 He drinks three cups of coffee a day.
50 sleep 休息 I slept for ten hours last night.
51 buy 購買 She bought a new laptop.
52 sell 換取金錢 They sold their house.
53 bring 攜帶向某處 Bring your book to class.
54 send 使其被送達 I sent the document to your email.
55 look 注視 Look at this photo.
56 see 用眼睛感知 I can see the mountains.
57 watch 有意觀察 She watches the news every evening.
58 hear 用耳朵感知 I heard a strange noise.
59 find 發現;定位 I found the exercise difficult.
60 keep 繼續擁有;維持 Keep studying — you’re making progress.
61 learn 獲得知識/技能 She learned to drive when she was 17.
62 teach 傳授知識 He teaches English to beginners.
63 change 使/變得不同 The city has changed a lot.

B1程度:中級動詞(75個動詞)

在B1,動詞變得更加具體和富有表達力。你超越了基本動作,進入了描述過程、意見和抽象概念。

工作和成就

# 動詞 含義 例句
64 manage 負責;成功做到 She manages a team of 15 people.
65 achieve 通過努力達到目標 He achieved his target.
66 develop 成長;創建 The company developed a new product line.
67 improve 使或變得更好 Her English has improved significantly.
68 produce 製造;創造輸出 The factory produces 10,000 units per day.
69 provide 給予;供應 The school provides lunch.
70 create 創造新事物 She created a website.
71 support 幫助;支撐 I support your decision.
72 lead 引導;在前面 She leads the marketing department.
73 complete 完全完成 She completed her degree in three years.
74 continue 繼續進行 They continued working despite the difficulty.
75 increase 使或變得更大 Sales increased by 20%.
76 reduce 使更小/更少 We reduced costs by eliminating waste.

決定和控制

# 動詞 含義 例句
77 decide 做出選擇 She decided to accept the job offer.
78 choose 從選項中選擇 I chose the cheaper option.
79 allow 許可 The company allows employees to work from home.
80 prevent 阻止發生 The barrier prevents cars from entering.
81 avoid 遠離 She avoids eating sugar.
82 accept 同意接受/相信 He accepted the invitation.
83 refuse 說不;拒絕 She refused to sign the contract.
84 offer 提供以供接受 They offered her a promotion.
85 suggest 提出想法 I suggest taking a break.

進階交流

# 動詞 含義 例句
86 explain 使清晰 Can you explain how this works?
87 describe 說明某物是什麼樣的 She described the experience as life-changing.
88 discuss 詳細談論 We discussed the plan with the whole team.
89 argue 給出理由;不同意 They argued about politics for hours.
90 admit 承認;接受為真 She admitted that she had made a mistake.
91 promise 承諾做某事 He promised to call her every day.
92 warn 警告危險 The sign warns visitors not to feed the animals.
93 encourage 給予信心/支持 His teacher encouraged him to apply to university.

體驗和情感

# 動詞 含義 例句
94 enjoy 從中獲得樂趣 I really enjoy traveling.
95 prefer 更喜歡某事 She prefers working from home.
96 miss 因缺席感到悲傷 I miss living near the sea.
97 expect 認為某事將發生 I didn’t expect to win.
98 notice 意識到 I noticed a change in his behavior.
99 realize 意識到;理解 She realized she had left her keys at home.
100 consider 仔細思考 Have you considered changing jobs?
101 imagine 在腦中形成畫面 Imagine living in a city with no cars.

B2程度:中高級動詞(75個動詞)

在B2,動詞表達細微差別、職業能力和抽象思維。這些是區分「好」英語和「流利」英語的動詞。

分析和研究

# 動詞 含義 例句
102 analyze 詳細檢查 The team analyzed the data.
103 examine 仔細查看 The doctor examined the patient.
104 investigate 搜尋事實 Police are investigating the cause.
105 determine 查明;正式決定 Scientists determined that the drug was effective.
106 identify 認識;確定什麼 Researchers identified stress as the main factor.
107 assess 評估質量或重要性 We need to assess the risks.
108 evaluate 判斷價值 The committee evaluated all applications.
109 indicate 顯示;指向 Studies indicate that exercise reduces anxiety.

影響和控制

# 動詞 含義 例句
110 influence 影響某事的發展 Social media influences consumer behavior.
111 affect 對…產生影響 The new policy will affect all employees.
112 establish 建立;證明 The company established a new office.
113 maintain 保持良好狀態;聲稱 It’s expensive to maintain an old building.
114 ensure 確保 Double-check to ensure that everything is correct.
115 require 需要;正式要求 The position requires five years of experience.
116 enable 使成為可能 Technology enables us to work from anywhere.

商業和策略

# 動詞 含義 例句
117 invest 投入資金 She invested in renewable energy.
118 acquire 獲得;收購 The tech giant acquired three startups.
119 generate 產生;創造 The campaign generated significant media coverage.
120 launch 公開推出新事物 They launched the product.
121 expand 擴大;增加 The company expanded into Asian markets.
122 implement 將計劃付諸行動 The school implemented a new attendance policy.
123 negotiate 討論達成協議 She negotiated a better salary.
124 distribute 分配給許多人 The charity distributed food.

精緻交流

# 動詞 含義 例句
125 acknowledge 認識;公開承認 The CEO acknowledged that mistakes were made.
126 clarify 使更清晰 Could you clarify what you mean?
127 emphasize 強調重要性 She emphasized the need for communication.
128 convince 說服相信/行動 She convinced me to apply.
129 confirm 確認為真 Can you confirm that the meeting is at 3 PM?
130 deny 說某事不是真的 He denied taking the money.
131 reveal 公開;顯示 The report revealed that costs had doubled.
132 respond 回覆;反應 The company responded to criticism.

C1程度:進階動詞(75個動詞)

C1動詞是精確、複雜的,標誌著你是一個高度熟練的英語使用者。

批判性思維

# 動詞 含義 例句
133 perceive 注意;以特定方式理解 The public perceived the decision as unfair.
134 anticipate 預期並準備 We anticipated strong demand.
135 speculate 在沒有證據的情況下形成理論 Analysts speculated that the company might be sold.
136 infer 從證據中得出結論 From his tone, I inferred that he was not happy.
137 scrutinize 非常仔細地檢查 The auditors scrutinized every transaction.
138 validate 確認為正確/有價值 The experiment validated the hypothesis.
139 undermine 逐漸削弱 Constant criticism undermines confidence.
140 contradict 說相反的話;與…衝突 The new evidence contradicts earlier findings.

因果和變化

# 動詞 含義 例句
141 trigger 引起突然發生 The announcement triggered protests.
142 provoke 引起反應;激怒 His comments provoked an angry response.
143 facilitate 使更容易;促進 Good infrastructure facilitates economic growth.
144 accelerate 加快速度 The pandemic accelerated remote work.
145 diminish 使或變得更小/更少 His influence has diminished.
146 exacerbate 使更糟 Poor communication exacerbated the conflict.
147 sustain 長期維持 The economy cannot sustain this growth.
148 erode 逐漸破壞/削弱 Neglect eroded public trust.
149 disrupt 中斷;從根本上改變 Streaming services disrupted TV industry.

精確交流

# 動詞 含義 例句
150 articulate 清晰表達 She articulated her vision with clarity.
151 convey 傳達(含義/感受) The painting conveys a sense of loneliness.
152 elaborate 更詳細地解釋 Could you elaborate on your second point?
153 reiterate 為強調再次說明 I want to reiterate that safety is our top priority.
154 dispute 不同意;質疑 Scientists dispute the claim.
155 advocate 公開支持 She advocates for better working conditions.
156 assert 堅定自信地陳述 He asserted that the project would finish on schedule.
157 concede 不情願地承認;放棄 She conceded that the argument had some merit.

抽象精確

# 動詞 含義 例句
158 constitute 組成;等同於 Women constitute 60% of the graduates.
159 encompass 包含廣泛範圍 The study encompasses data from 30 countries.
160 entail 必然涉及 The role entails extensive travel.
161 warrant 證明有理由;使成為必要 The situation warrants immediate action.
162 transcend 超越界限 Good music transcends language barriers.
163 manifest 清晰顯示;出現 His anxiety manifests as insomnia.
164 fluctuate 頻繁且不規律地變化 Oil prices fluctuate regularly.
165 correlate 有相互關係 Exercise correlates with better sleep.
166 proliferate 數量迅速增加 Misinformation has proliferated online.
167 deteriorate 變得更糟 His health deteriorated rapidly.
168 alleviate 使不那麼嚴重 New measures aim to alleviate congestion.
169 mitigate 減少有害影響 Steps were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.
170 perpetuate 使無限期繼續 The media perpetuates harmful stereotypes.
171 supersede 取代較舊的東西 New guidelines supersede all previous versions.
172 withhold 拒絕給予 The company withheld information from investors.
173 elucidate 使清晰;解釋 The professor elucidated the theory.
174 synthesize 將元素組合成整體 The essay synthesizes ideas from multiple fields.

按CEFR程度分類的英語動詞

快速進度檢查

使用這個表格誠實地評估你的動詞知識。

程度 總數 我能使用 我能識別 我不知道 你的程度
A1 75 _ _ _ 如果60+「使用」→ 準備好B1
B1 75 _ _ _ 如果60+「使用」→ 準備好B2
B2 75 _ _ _ 如果60+「使用」→ 準備好C1
C1 75 _ _ _ 如果50+「使用」→ 進階使用者

目標: 將動詞從「識別」移動到「使用」。這就是被動和主動詞彙之間的區別。

動詞句型:主要參考

動詞 + TO + 不定式

這些動詞後面接「to + 動詞」:

want, need, decide, hope, plan, offer, refuse, promise, agree, learn, seem, appear, tend, manage, fail, afford, attempt, expect

She decided to leave early. / They agreed to pay the full amount.

動詞 + -ING(動名詞)

這些動詞後面接-ing形式:

enjoy, avoid, consider, suggest, finish, mind, keep, practice, deny, admit, imagine, involve, risk, miss, delay, recommend

I enjoy reading before bed. / She avoided answering the question.

動詞 + 賓語 + TO + 不定式

ask, tell, want, expect, allow, encourage, invite, force, remind, persuade, advise, warn, convince, enable, require

He asked me to help. / They encouraged her to apply.

動詞 + 介詞

動詞 正確介詞 例句
depend on It depends on the weather.
consist of The team consists of ten people.
belong to This belongs to me.
apply for (職位) / to (規則) She applied for a visa.
suffer from He suffers from allergies.
contribute to Exercise contributes to good health.
comply with You must comply with the rules.

練習詞彙

cooperate

動詞

加入字典

合作

evaluate

動詞

加入字典

評估, 估價

範例

- Companies evaluate job candidates based on experience, skills, and personality.

- Teachers evaluate student progress through tests, projects, and classroom participation.

donate

動詞

加入字典

捐贈

範例

- Many people donate money to charities that help homeless individuals.

- She decided to donate blood to help patients in emergency situations.

discourage

動詞

加入字典

使灰心, 洩氣

範例

- Don't let one failure discourage you from pursuing your dreams.

- High prices discourage many people from buying organic food products.

graduate

動詞

加入字典

畢業

範例

- She will graduate from university next year with a degree in engineering.

- Students must complete all requirements before they can graduate from high school.

resolve

動詞

加入字典

解決

範例

- Mediator helps parties resolve dispute through negotiation.

- Technical team will resolve software problems quickly.

off

形容詞

加入字典

去除

範例

- Please turn off the lights before leaving the room.

- The dog ran off into the forest chasing wild rabbits.

stress

動詞

加入字典

使緊張

範例

- Heavy workload may stress employees beyond limits.

- Teacher will stress importance of homework completion.

guide

動詞

加入字典

指導, 引導

範例

- Parents should guide their children to make responsible decisions.

- The experienced hiker will guide the group through the mountain trail safely.

artery

名詞

加入字典

動脈

範例

- The blocked artery required immediate surgical intervention to save his life.

- This highway is a major artery connecting the city to surrounding areas.

coastal

形容詞

加入字典

沿海的

範例

- Coastal towns often depend on fishing and tourism for their economy.

- The coastal erosion threatens many beachfront properties and buildings.

candidate

名詞

加入字典

候選人

範例

- Each presidential candidate presented their policy plans to voters.

- The job candidate impressed the interview panel with her experience.

horizon

名詞

加入字典

地平線

範例

- The sun disappeared behind the horizon as evening approached.

- Traveling broadens your horizon and exposes you to new cultures.

jury

名詞

加入字典

陪審團

範例

- The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a verdict.

- The talent show jury consisted of professional musicians and entertainers.

prejudice

名詞

加入字典

偏見

範例

- Education helps overcome prejudice and promotes understanding.

- Racial prejudice damages communities and individuals alike.

tragedy

名詞

加入字典

悲劇

範例

- Natural tragedy affects thousands of innocent people.

- Personal tragedy changes person's life perspective completely.

boom

名詞

加入字典

繁榮

範例

- The boom of thunder echoed across the valley.

- The technology boom created many new millionaires.

admission

名詞

加入字典

入學許可

範例

- Her admission to the prestigious medical school was the result of hard work.

- The museum offers free admission on the first Sunday of every month.

union

名詞

加入字典

聯盟

範例

- Labor union protects worker rights and interests.

- Marriage union joins two people in partnership.

voyage

名詞

加入字典

航程

範例

- Space exploration represents humanity's greatest voyage into the unknown.

- The ocean voyage from Europe to America took several weeks in the past.

humorous

形容詞

加入字典

幽默的, 風趣的

範例

- She writes humorous articles about everyday life and family experiences.

- The humorous speech made everyone laugh and lightened the serious mood.

lifelong

形容詞

加入字典

終身的

範例

- Learning is a lifelong process that never truly ends.

- Their lifelong friendship began during elementary school years.

motivated

形容詞

加入字典

有動力的

範例

- Motivated employee seeks additional responsibilities and challenges at work.

- Success requires being motivated even when facing difficult obstacles.

indispensable

形容詞

加入字典

不可或缺的

範例

- Clean water is indispensable for human survival and good health.

- Her experience and skills make her indispensable to the research team.

total

形容詞

加入字典

全部的

範例

- Total cost includes all fees and expenses.

- Total silence fills room during meditation session.

接下來做什麼

  1. 找到你的程度。 掃描你當前CEFR程度的清單。標記你能理解但不能主動使用的動詞——那些是你的優先目標。

  2. 每天學習5個動詞。 對每個動詞,學習其含義、主要句型(它後面跟什麼)和一個例句。

  3. 關注句型。 知道「suggest」後接-ing(而不是「to + 動詞」)可以防止即使是進階學習者也會犯的錯誤。

  4. 閱讀動詞豐富的內容。 新聞文章、學術文本和商業寫作充滿了B2-C1動詞。我們的部落格文章就是為了自然地讓你接觸這些動詞而撰寫的。

常見問題

英語中最常見的動詞是什麼?

10個最常見的英語動詞是:be, have, do, say, go, get, make, know, think, take。這些佔口語英語中所有動詞使用的大約25%。

英語中有多少個動詞?

英語總共大約有25,000個動詞,但大多數是罕見的或高度專業化的。對於實際流暢性,知道300-500個動詞(附其句型和搭配)足以在日常交流中表達幾乎任何東西。

規則動詞和不規則動詞有什麼區別?

規則動詞通過添加「-ed」形成過去式(work → worked)。不規則動詞有不可預測的過去形式,必須記憶(go → went, think → thought, be → was)。大約200個常用英語動詞是不規則的,它們往往是最常見的動詞。

動詞句型是什麼,為什麼重要?

動詞句型是跟在特定動詞後面的語法結構。例如,「enjoy」後面永遠跟-ing(enjoy reading),而「want」後面永遠跟「to + 動詞」(want to read)。使用錯誤的句型(enjoy to read)是母語者立即注意到的語法錯誤。