考試準備

IELTS寫作Task 1詞彙：圖表、柱狀圖和地圖的必備單字

#IELTS #寫作 #詞彙 #Task 1

IELTS寫作Task 1不是一篇作文——它是一個數據描述。你有20分鐘用至少150個單字描述圖表、柱狀圖、表格、地圖或過程圖。你需要的詞彙與Task 2完全不同。你需要的不是意見和論點，而是趨勢、比較、比例和時間段的單字。

大多數候選人在這裡失分不是因為他們誤讀了數據，而是因為他們用相同的三個單字描述它：「increased」、「decreased」和「the chart shows」。本指南為你提供150+單字和短語，按你在Task 1中使用它們的確切方式整理——讓你能夠用7-9分所需的精確性和範圍描述任何圖表類型。

詞彙總數：150+單字和短語
按：功能（趨勢、比較、比例、圖表介紹、時間）整理
涵蓋的圖表類型：折線圖、柱狀圖、圓餅圖、表格、地圖、過程圖
最適合：IELTS學術寫作Task 1，6-9分準備

Task 1中詞彙如何被評分

Task 1使用與Task 2相同的四個標準，每個佔25%：

標準	對Task 1的意義
任務完成	你描述了主要特征並進行了比較嗎？
連貫性和凝聚力	你的描述邏輯組織且連接良好嗎？
詞彙資源	你準確地使用了一系列詞彙嗎？
語法範圍	你使用了各種句子結構嗎？

Task 1中最大的詞彙錯誤是重複。如果你寫了四次「increased」和三次「decreased」，無論你的數據描述多麼準確，你都被限制在6分。

五種圖表類型附匹配的詞彙類別——折線圖、柱狀圖、圓餅圖、表格和過程圖

類別1：介紹圖表

每個Task 1答案都從改述圖表所示內容開始。永遠不要逐字複製問題——考官會懲罰這樣做。

「圖表顯示…」的動詞

動詞	正式度	例子
illustrates	正式	The line graph illustrates changes in unemployment rates over a 20-year period.
depicts	正式	The bar chart depicts the number of tourists visiting five countries in 2024.
presents	中性	The table presents a comparison of average salaries across four industries.
compares	中性	The chart compares the percentage of households with internet access in three nations.
outlines	正式	The diagram outlines the process of water purification.
provides information about	中性	The graph provides information about energy consumption by sector.
gives a breakdown of	中性	The pie chart gives a breakdown of government spending by category.

圖表類型的名詞

使用精確的名詞——不要把所有東西都叫做「the chart」。

圖表類型	名詞短語
折線圖	the line graph, the graph, the figure
柱狀圖	the bar chart, the chart, the figure
圓餅圖	the pie chart, the chart
表格	the table, the data, the figures
地圖	the two maps, the diagrams
過程	the diagram, the flow chart, the figure

介紹的時間表達

表達	例子
over a _-year period	…over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020.
between *and*	…between 2010 and 2025.
from to	…from January to December 2024.
during the period	…during the period shown.

7分+介紹例子： The line graph illustrates the average monthly rainfall in three Asian cities over a 12-month period from January to December.

類別2：描述上升趨勢

這是Task 1最重要的詞彙類別。你需要多種方式說「上升了」。

動詞（上升運動）

動詞	強度	例子
rose	中等	Sales rose from 200 to 350 units.
increased	中等	The number of students increased steadily.
grew	中等	The population grew by 15% over the decade.
climbed	中等-強	Unemployment climbed to 8% in the third quarter.
surged	強	Demand surged during the holiday season.
soared	很強	House prices soared to record levels.
rocketed	很強	Internet usage rocketed between 2000 and 2010.
jumped	突然	Exports jumped by 25% in a single month.
doubled	具體	The figure doubled from 500 to 1,000.
tripled	具體	Revenue tripled in the space of five years.

名詞（上升運動）

名詞	強度	例子
a rise	中等	There was a rise in the number of applicants.
an increase	中等	The chart shows an increase of 20%.
growth	中等	The country experienced steady economic growth.
a surge	強	There was a sharp surge in demand.
a jump	突然	A sudden jump occurred in March.
a peak	最大值	The figure reached a peak of 450 in July.

副詞和形容詞（速度和規模）

描述速度/規模	副詞（與動詞）	形容詞（與名詞）
小變化	slightly, marginally	a slight, a marginal
中等變化	moderately, steadily	a moderate, a steady
大變化	significantly, considerably	a significant, a considerable
快速變化	sharply, rapidly, dramatically	a sharp, a rapid, a dramatic
非常快速變化	steeply, exponentially	a steep, an exponential

組合使用：

Sales rose sharply from 200 to 500.（動詞+副詞）
There was a sharp rise from 200 to 500.（形容詞+名詞）
The figure increased significantly, reaching 500 by December.（動詞+副詞）

趨勢詞彙強度量表從輕微到顯著——顯示副詞和形容詞如何映射到數據變化的大小

類別3：描述下降趨勢

動詞（下降運動）

動詞	強度	例子
fell	中等	The temperature fell to below zero overnight.
decreased	中等	Exports decreased by 12% compared to the previous year.
declined	中等	The birth rate has declined steadily since 2010.
dropped	中等-強	Attendance dropped sharply in the second quarter.
shrank	中等	The workforce shrank due to automation.
plummeted	很強	Tourism numbers plummeted during the pandemic.
plunged	很強	Share prices plunged after the announcement.
halved	具體	The number of complaints halved within one year.
dipped	輕微/暫時	Revenue dipped briefly in March before recovering.

名詞（下降運動）

名詞	強度	例子
a fall	中等	There was a fall of 15% in the third quarter.
a decrease	中等	The data shows a decrease in household spending.
a decline	中等	A steady decline is visible from 2015 onwards.
a drop	中等-強	A sharp drop occurred between June and July.
a dip	輕微/暫時	There was a slight dip in sales during the summer.
a low	最小值	The figure reached a low of 120 in February.

類別2中相同的副詞和形容詞在這裡適用：fell sharply，a dramatic decline，decreased slightly。

類別4：描述穩定性和波動

並非所有數據都上升或下降。你需要平線和不穩定運動的詞彙。

穩定性（無變化）

表達	例子
remained stable at	The rate remained stable at approximately 5%.
stayed constant at	Prices stayed constant at $200 throughout the year.
leveled off at	After rising sharply, the figure leveled off at 300.
plateaued at	Growth plateaued at 3% between 2018 and 2022.
remained unchanged	The proportion of female employees remained unchanged.
held steady at	Interest rates held steady at 2.5%.
maintained the same level	Exports maintained the same level as the previous year.

波動（上下）

表達	例子
fluctuated between *and*	The exchange rate fluctuated between 1.2 and 1.5.
varied considerably	Rainfall varied considerably from month to month.
experienced fluctuations	The stock price experienced significant fluctuations.
was erratic / volatile	Sales figures were erratic throughout the period.

類別5：比較數據

Task 1幾乎總是需要比較——在國家、時間段、類別或組之間。

比較較高值

表達	例子
was higher than	Spending on education was higher than spending on defense.
exceeded	Exports exceeded imports for the first time in 2019.
was the highest	Japan had the highest internet usage rate at 92%.
surpassed	Renewable energy surpassed coal as the primary source.
outnumbered	Female graduates outnumbered male graduates by 2 to 1.
accounted for the largest share	Housing accounted for the largest share of expenditure.

比較較低值

表達	例子
was lower than	The average salary was lower than the national median.
was the lowest	Country C had the lowest GDP per capita.
fell behind	Rural areas fell behind urban areas in internet access.
accounted for the smallest proportion	Transport accounted for the smallest proportion of spending.

比較相似值

表達	例子
was similar to	Male and female participation rates were similar.
was comparable to	The 2020 figure was comparable to that of 2015.
was almost the same as	Spending on food was almost the same as spending on transport.
was roughly equal to	The number of imports was roughly equal to exports.

對比短語

表達	例子
whereas	Japan had a rate of 92%, whereas India had only 34%.
while	While exports rose, imports declined sharply.
in contrast	Spending on education grew. In contrast, defense spending fell.
compared to / compared with	The figure was 45% in 2020, compared to only 12% in 2000.
by contrast	Urban areas grew rapidly. By contrast, rural populations shrank.

類別6：描述比例和數量

對圓餅圖和表格必不可少。

表達	大概範圍	例子
the vast majority of	80-95%	The vast majority of respondents preferred option A.
the majority of	50-80%	The majority of students chose science subjects.
over half / more than half	50-65%	Over half of the budget was allocated to salaries.
a significant proportion of	30-50%	A significant proportion of energy came from coal.
around a third / roughly a third	~33%	Roughly a third of the population lived in urban areas.
a quarter / approximately a quarter	~25%	A quarter of all exports went to China.
a small minority of	5-15%	A small minority of households had no internet access.
a negligible proportion of	<5%	A negligible proportion of energy came from solar power.

近似單字

單字	例子
approximately / roughly	Approximately 45% of students passed.
around / about	Around 30 million tourists visited annually.
just over / just under	Just over 60% of respondents agreed.
nearly / almost	Nearly 90% of households had internet access.
exactly / precisely	The figure was exactly 50%.

類別7：地圖和過程圖的詞彙

地圖和過程需要與數據圖表不同的詞彙。

地圖——描述變化

表達	例子
was replaced by	The farmland was replaced by a shopping center.
was converted into	The warehouse was converted into apartments.
was demolished / was knocked down	The old factory was demolished to make way for a park.
was constructed / was built	A new bridge was constructed across the river.
was extended / was expanded	The road was extended to connect the two villages.
was relocated to	The hospital was relocated to the outskirts of town.
remained unchanged	The church in the center remained unchanged.
underwent significant development	The area to the east underwent significant development.

地圖——描述位置

表達	例子
to the north / south / east / west of	A park was built to the north of the river.
in the center of	The town hall is located in the center of the map.
adjacent to / next to	The new school was built adjacent to the library.
on the outskirts of	A new housing estate was developed on the outskirts.
along the coast / riverbank	Hotels were constructed along the coast.
in the northeast / southwest corner	A factory appeared in the northeast corner.

過程圖——排序

表達	例子
in the first stage / step	In the first stage, raw materials are collected.
then / next / subsequently	The mixture is then heated to 100°C.
following this / after this	Following this, the liquid is filtered.
at this point / at this stage	At this stage, quality checks are performed.
finally / in the final stage	Finally, the finished product is packaged for distribution.
the process begins with	The process begins with the extraction of raw materials.
once _ is complete	Once filtration is complete, the water enters the storage tank.

前後對比：完整的Task 1答案

問題

The line graph below shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020.

5分版本

The chart shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, Japan had 30%, the USA had 40%, and India had 5%. The internet access increased in all three countries. Japan increased to 95%, the USA increased to 90%, and India increased to 50%. Japan had the highest percentage in 2020. India had the lowest percentage. The internet access increased a lot in all countries.

問題： 「increased」使用了4次，「shows」從問題中複製，「a lot」模糊，沒有比較語言，沒有副詞。

7分+版本

The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet connectivity in Japan, the USA, and India over a two-decade period from 2000 to 2020.

Overall, internet access rose significantly in all three nations, with Japan achieving the highest penetration rate by the end of the period.

In 2000, the USA led with approximately 40% of households connected, followed by Japan at 30%, while India lagged considerably behind at just 5%. Over the next decade, Japan experienced the most dramatic growth, surging from 30% to around 80%, thereby surpassing the USA, which climbed more steadily to 75%.

Between 2010 and 2020, Japan’s figure continued to rise, reaching a peak of 95%. The USA followed a similar trajectory, plateauing at roughly 90% by 2018. India, although starting from a much lower base, saw the steepest proportional increase, rising from 15% in 2010 to 50% by 2020 — a more than threefold increase in a single decade.

改變了什麼：

「shows」→「illustrates」
「percentage」→「proportion」
「countries」→「nations」
「increased」（×4）→「rose」、「surging」、「climbed」、「continued to rise」
添加強度副詞：「significantly」、「dramatically」、「steadily」、「considerably」
添加比較語言：「surpassing」、「followed a similar trajectory」、「lagged behind」
添加近似值：「approximately」、「roughly」、「around」
添加總體陳述總結主要趨勢

練習詞彙

將這些高影響力的Task 1單字保存到你的 Linglify 詞典。

valid

形容詞