初學者必學英文單字:建立第一套核心詞彙
詞彙學習

初學者必學英文單字:建立第一套核心詞彙

#基礎英文 #初學者詞彙 #A1 詞彙 #必備單字
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剛開始學英文時,很容易想下載一份隨機的一千個單字清單。然而,這通常不是最快建立溝通能力的方法。初學者需要的是一小組核心詞彙:能靈活組合,用來描述人、提出問題、安排計畫和理解日常句子的單字。

這是一篇單字指南,不是會話手冊。如果你想學旅行或對話中可直接使用的句子,請參考 English for Beginners: Essential Words and Phrases(英文)。在這裡,你會學到能讓你自己造句的基本元素。

  • 程度: A1–A2
  • 目標: 理解並說出基本的日常英文句子
  • 重點: 常用名詞、動詞、描述性單字和文法功能詞
  • 學習原則: 以小組方式學單字,不要依字母順序硬背一大串

先學能組成句子的單字

句子「My friend works in a small café」(我的朋友在一間小咖啡館工作)用了四種詞彙:

  • 人與事物: friend、café
  • 動作: works
  • 描述性單字: small
  • 文法功能詞: my、in、a

把這些詞彙組合著學。一個名詞本身固然有用,但名詞加上動詞和描述性單字,才能真正用來溝通。

必備的人、地點與事物

單字 詞性 意思 例句
family 名詞 家人;家庭成員 My family lives near the city centre. 我的家人住在市中心附近。
friend 名詞 朋友 Her friend speaks English very clearly. 她的朋友英文說得很清楚。
child 名詞 小孩;兒童 The child is reading a book. 那個孩子正在看書。
home 名詞 家;住家 I am at home today. 我今天在家。
room 名詞 房間 Their room has two windows. 他們的房間有兩扇窗。
school 名詞 學校 The school opens at eight. 學校八點開門。
work 名詞 工作;職業 He has a lot of work this week. 他這週有很多工作要做。
shop 名詞 商店 The shop is next to the station. 那家店在車站旁邊。
food 名詞 食物 This food smells good. 這個食物聞起來很香。
time 名詞 時間;時段 We do not have much time. 我們沒有多少時間。

核心詞彙系統:人與事物、動作、描述性單字和疑問詞

必備動詞:人們做什麼

動詞讓句子有動態。先學基本形式,再留意常見變化,例如 work / works / worked

單字 意思 例句
be 存在;也用來描述狀態或特徵 They are happy today. 他們今天很開心。
have 擁有;經歷 I have a new phone. 我有一支新手機。
do 做;執行某個動作 What do you do after class? 下課後你做什麼?
go 前往另一個地方 We go to the park on Sunday. 我們星期日去公園。
come 朝某個地方或人移動 Please come here for a minute. 請過來一下。
want 想要;希望得到 I want a cup of tea. 我想要一杯茶。
need 需要 You need your passport. 你需要你的護照。
like 喜歡;享受 They like Italian food. 他們喜歡義大利料理。
know 知道;擁有某項資訊 Do you know her name? 你知道她的名字嗎?
think 認為;有某個想法 I think this answer is right. 我認為這個答案是對的。
make 製作;造成 Let’s make dinner together. 我們一起做晚餐吧。
take 帶走;接受;使用 Take your bag with you. 把你的包包帶著。

每天都會用到的描述性單字

單字 意思 例句
good 好的;有益的;正確的 That is a good idea. 那是個好主意。
bad 不好的;令人不愉快的 The weather is bad today. 今天天氣不好。
big 大的 They live in a big house. 他們住在一間大房子裡。
small 小的 I need a small table. 我需要一張小桌子。
new 新的;最近取得的 Her new job starts on Monday. 她的新工作星期一開始。
old 舊的;存在已久的 This is an old photo. 這是一張舊照片。
easy 容易的 The first exercise is easy. 第一個練習很容易。
important 重要的;必要的 Sleep is important for learning. 睡眠對學習很重要。
happy 快樂的;高興的 I am happy to see you. 很高興見到你。
tired 疲累的;需要休息的 We are tired after the trip. 旅行後我們很累。

疑問詞與常見文法功能詞

小單字幾乎出現在每個句子裡。它們值得及早學習,因為能幫助你理解句子的結構。

單字 用法 例句
who 詢問人 Who is that woman? 那位女士是誰?
what 詢問事物或動作 What do you need? 你需要什麼?
where 詢問地點 Where is the bus stop? 公車站在哪裡?
when 詢問時間 When does the film start? 電影什麼時候開始?
why 詢問原因 Why are you late? 你為什麼遲到?
how 詢問方法或狀況 How are you today? 你今天好嗎?
this / that 指稱事物 This book is mine; that book is yours. 這本書是我的;那本書是你的。
some / any 表示某個數量 Do you have any water? 你有水嗎?
with 表示連結或陪伴 I study with my friend. 我和朋友一起讀書。
because 說明原因 I am home because it is raining. 因為在下雨,所以我在家。

建立單字家族,不要只背孤立單字

一個單字可以帶出好幾個相關字。學 help 時,也一起學 helpfulhelper;學 teach 時,加上 teacherteaching。這樣不只讓你的詞彙成長更快,也能幫助你辨認不熟悉的字形。

核心單字 相關單字 例句
work worker、workplace、working My sister is a worker at a hospital. 我姊姊在醫院工作。
learn learner、learning Every learner needs regular review. 每位學習者都需要定期複習。
help helpful、helper The receptionist was very helpful. 接待人員非常樂於幫忙。
teach teacher、teaching Our teacher explains new words slowly. 我們的老師會慢慢解釋新單字。
use useful、user This app is useful for beginners. 這個應用程式對初學者很有幫助。

簡單的每日學習流程

選八個單字。 從同一個主題中選兩個名詞、兩個動詞、兩個形容詞和兩個文法功能詞。

造四個句子。 用這些單字造和真實生活有關的句子,例如你的家、工作、家人或計畫。

把句子說出來。 開口說能讓你發現哪些單字你真的會用,哪些只是看得懂。

明天再複習。 在不看答案也能記住今天大部分單字之前,不要急著再增加八個新單字。

初學者的學習流程:選一小組單字、造句、說出來、再複習

練習單字

abuse

名詞

加入字典

濫用

範例

- It's important to report any signs of child abuse to the authorities.

- The investigation revealed serious abuse of power by government officials.

actually

副詞

加入字典

其實

範例

- I thought the meeting was today, but it's actually scheduled for tomorrow.

- The book looks boring, but it's actually quite interesting and engaging.

affection

名詞

加入字典

親情

範例

- The child showed deep affection for his grandmother who raised him.

- Their mutual affection was evident to everyone who saw them together.

agreement

名詞

加入字典

協議

範例

- The trade agreement will benefit both countries' economic development significantly.

- There was general agreement among the committee members about the proposed changes.

airport

名詞

加入字典

機場

範例

- International airports handle millions of travelers and tons of cargo annually.

- We need to arrive at the airport two hours before our departure time.

alternate

形容詞

加入字典

交替的

範例

- The parking lot uses alternate spaces for cars and motorcycles.

- We need an alternate plan in case the weather doesn't cooperate.

announce

動詞

加入字典

宣布, 公告

範例

- Airlines announce flight delays through the terminal's public address system.

- The principal will announce the scholarship winners during tomorrow's assembly.

apart

副詞

加入字典

分開

範例

- Please keep these chemicals apart to prevent dangerous reactions.

- The two friends lived far apart but stayed in regular contact.

apply

動詞

加入字典

申請

範例

- Apply pressure to the wound to stop the bleeding immediately.

- Students can apply for financial aid to help pay tuition costs.

arrest

名詞

加入字典

逮捕, 拘留, 拘捕令

範例

- He was under arrest for suspected involvement in the robbery.

- The arrest of the criminal was reported on the evening news.

attend

動詞

加入字典

參加

範例

- All students must attend classes regularly to pass their courses.

- The nurse will attend to the patient's needs throughout the night.

ballet

名詞

加入字典

芭蕾舞

範例

- She studied ballet for many years before becoming a professional dancer.

- The ballet performance featured graceful movements and beautiful costumes.

basis

名詞

加入字典

基礎, 根據

範例

- The selection process is conducted on the basis of merit alone.

- Trust forms the basis of any successful relationship or partnership.

bedroom

名詞

加入字典

臥室

範例

- She decorated her bedroom with posters and colorful curtains.

- The master bedroom has a beautiful view of the garden.

biotechnology

名詞

加入字典

生物技術, 生技, 生物工程

範例

- Agricultural biotechnology helps create disease-resistant crop varieties.

- Biotechnology companies develop new medical treatments and therapies.

borrow

動詞

加入字典

借用

範例

- Can I borrow your pen for a few minutes?

- He had to borrow money from the bank for repairs.

browser

名詞

加入字典

瀏覽器

範例

- Chrome is the most popular web browser worldwide.

- The store welcomes browsers as well as buyers.

candidate

名詞

加入字典

候選人

範例

- Each presidential candidate presented their policy plans to voters.

- The job candidate impressed the interview panel with her experience.

cat

名詞

加入字典

範例

- The fluffy cat sat peacefully by the warm fireplace in the evening.

- Their pet cat loves to play with colorful balls of yarn.

cherished

形容詞

加入字典

珍愛的

範例

- His cherished dream of becoming a pilot finally came true.

- The old photograph was her most cherished possession from childhood.

cloudy

形容詞

加入字典

多雲

範例

- The water became cloudy after stirring up sediment from the bottom.

- The weather forecast predicts cloudy skies with possible rain this evening.

commute

動詞

加入字典

通勤

範例

- Public transportation helps people commute efficiently reducing traffic congestion.

- Workers commute daily between suburban homes and downtown offices.

confirmation

名詞

加入字典

確認

範例

- She received confirmation of her job application via email yesterday.

- The confirmation ceremony was held at the local church on Sunday.

correspond

動詞

加入字典

符合

範例

- She corresponds regularly with her friends who live in different countries.

- The witness testimony should correspond with the physical evidence found at the scene.

custom

名詞

加入字典

習俗

範例

- It is a local custom to remove shoes before entering homes.

- The wedding ceremony followed traditional customs from their culture.

接下來學什麼

常見問題

我需要多少基礎英文單字?

大約 300 個精心挑選的單字,就能幫助你應付許多基本情境。你不必在一週內全背完;規律複習比一次記很多更重要。

初學者應該先學文法還是詞彙?

兩者都要,但每次少量學習。基礎文法能幫助你把新學的單字連成實用的句子。

記住基礎英文單字最快的方法是什麼?

把每個單字放進與自己有關的句子裡,說出來,並在隔天、三天後和一週後複習。

只會單字就足以對話嗎?

還不夠。單字是建構材料;你需要練習把它們組合成短句和常用片語。

學完 A1 詞彙後,下一步該學什麼?

接著學 A2 詞彙、簡單閱讀、聽力練習和短對話。請依主題擴充單字,而不是再從隨機清單開始。