英語搭配詞：掌握自然詞語組合，300+例句
你可以知道10,000個英語單字，但說起來仍然有問題。不是語法錯誤，而是聽起來不對勁。那種讓母語者停下來、傾頭說「我理解你，但我們不這樣說」的那種錯誤。原因幾乎總是搭配詞。
搭配詞是一對或一組在英語中自然搭配的單字。母語者說「make a decision」（做決定）——而不是「do a decision」。他們說「heavy rain」（大雨）——而不是「strong rain」。他們說「take a photo」（拍照）——而不是「catch a photo」。每個單獨的單字都是正確的。語法沒問題。但組合是錯的，這立即讓你聽起來像非母語者。
B2學習者和C1說話者之間的差距很少在語法上。差距在搭配詞。這是教科書跳過、應用程式忽略，卻對你英語聽起來有多自然影響最大的詞彙技能。
本指南涵蓋：
- 什麼是搭配詞以及它們為何重要，
- 6種搭配詞類型及清晰例子，
- 按類型分類的300+必備搭配詞，
- 學習者最常犯的搭配詞錯誤，
- 如何有效地學習搭配詞。
什麼是搭配詞？
搭配詞是經常一起出現且對母語者來說聽起來自然的詞語組合。這個詞來自拉丁語：co-（一起）+ locare（放置）——字面意思是「放在一起」。
關鍵特點： 搭配詞不是規則——它們是習慣。沒有語法規則說「heavy rain」是正確的而「strong rain」是錯誤的。兩個詞都意味著「很多」。但英語使用者為雨選擇了「heavy」，幾個世紀以來，這個組合變得固定。你必須以詞對的方式學習它們，而不是從邏輯中推斷。
| 自然（正確） | 不自然（錯誤） | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| make a decision |
|
英語用MAKE配「decision」 |
| heavy rain |
|
「Heavy」與rain搭配 |
| take a photo |
|
英語用TAKE配「photo」 |
| fast food |
|
「Fast」是這類食物的固定修飾詞 |
| pay attention |
|
英語用PAY配「attention」 |
| do homework |
|
英語用DO配「homework」 |
為什麼搭配詞重要
1. 它們區分流暢說話者和準確說話者。 你可以在語法上100%正確，但聽起來仍然不自然。搭配詞是造成差異的關鍵。
2. 它們影響你的考試分數。 在IELTS中，「詞彙資源」標準特別評估搭配詞的準確性。Band 7需要「對風格和搭配詞的意識」。Band 8需要「熟練使用不常見的詞彙項目」。
3. 它們加速溝通。 當你使用正確的搭配詞時，聽眾處理你的話語更快，因為詞語組合符合他們的期望。
4. 它們是自然寫作的基礎。 學術文章、商務電子郵件和創意寫作都依賴標準搭配詞。「Conduct research」聽起來很專業。「Make research」聽起來有問題。
搭配詞 vs. 習語 vs. 片語動詞
| 特點 | 搭配詞 | 習語 | 片語動詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 含義 | 從各部分可預測 | 非字面意思 | 非字面意思 |
| 例子 | make a mistake | kick the bucket（= 死亡） | give up（= 放棄） |
| 固定？ | 半固定（有一些靈活性） | 完全固定 | 固定 |
| 可翻譯？ | 通常可以 | 通常不行 | 通常不行 |
| 關鍵技能 | 知道哪些單字搭配在一起 | 知道隱藏的含義 | 知道新的含義 |
如需完整的習語參考，請見英語習語：500+常見表達。如需片語動詞，請見英語片語動詞：完整指南。
搭配詞的類型
英語搭配詞分為6個主要類型。了解類型有助於你預測模式並更快學習。
類型1：動詞 + 名詞
對學習者來說最重要的類型。MAKE、DO、TAKE、GET、HAVE、PAY、GIVE、KEEP、BREAK和CATCH各有幾十個固定的名詞搭配詞。
MAKE（做、製作）
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| make a decision | We need to make a decision by Friday. |
| make a mistake | Everyone makes mistakes — the key is learning from them. |
| make progress | The students are making good progress this term. |
| make an effort | He didn’t even make an effort to arrive on time. |
| make money | She makes good money as a software engineer. |
| make a difference | Small changes can make a big difference over time. |
| make a plan | Let’s make a plan before we start the project. |
| make an appointment | I need to make an appointment with the dentist. |
| make a complaint | She made a formal complaint about the noise. |
| make a promise | He made a promise to his daughter and kept it. |
| make an impression | First impressions matter — make a good one. |
| make a choice | You have to make a choice between the two options. |
| make sense | That explanation doesn’t make sense to me. |
| make a living | It’s hard to make a living as a freelance writer. |
| make a suggestion | Can I make a suggestion? |
| make an exception | I’ll make an exception this time, but don’t be late again. |
| make arrangements | We need to make arrangements for the conference. |
DO（做、執行）
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| do homework | Have you done your homework yet? |
| do the dishes | I’ll do the dishes after dinner. |
| do business (with) | We’ve been doing business with them for 10 years. |
| do research | She’s doing research on climate change. |
| do damage | The storm did significant damage to the coast. |
| do your best | Just do your best — that’s all anyone can ask. |
| do a favor | Could you do me a favor and check my email? |
| do the laundry | I need to do the laundry this weekend. |
| do a good job | She did a great job on the presentation. |
| do harm | The new policy may do more harm than good. |
| do exercise | I try to do some exercise every morning. |
TAKE（拿、進行）
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| take a photo / picture | Can you take a photo of us? |
| take a break | Let’s take a 10-minute break. |
| take action | The government must take action to reduce pollution. |
| take a risk | Starting a business means taking risks. |
| take a look | Take a look at this report. |
| take a seat | Please take a seat — the doctor will see you shortly. |
| take notes | She always takes detailed notes in class. |
| take responsibility | He took responsibility for the error. |
| take advice | I should have taken your advice. |
| take care (of) | Take care of yourself while I’m away. |
| take turns | The children took turns playing with the toy. |
| take part (in) | Over 200 people took part in the marathon. |
| take place | The meeting will take place on Monday at 3 PM. |
GET、HAVE、PAY、GIVE
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| get permission | You need to get permission from the manager. |
| get a job | She got a job at a tech company after graduation. |
| have a meeting | We’re having a meeting at 2 PM. |
| have a conversation | Let’s have a conversation about your performance. |
| have an argument | They had an argument about money. |
| have an effect (on) | Sleep has a huge effect on your concentration. |
| pay attention | Pay attention — this will be on the exam. |
| pay a compliment | He paid her a compliment on her presentation. |
| pay a visit | I’ll pay you a visit when I’m in London. |
| give advice | She gave me some excellent advice. |
| give permission | The teacher gave them permission to leave early. |
| give a speech | The CEO gave a speech at the conference. |
| give priority (to) | We should give priority to urgent cases. |
KEEP、BREAK、CATCH、COME
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| keep a secret | Can you keep a secret? |
| keep a promise | Always keep your promises. |
| keep in touch | Let’s keep in touch after you move. |
| keep a record | Keep a record of all your expenses. |
| keep calm | Keep calm — panicking won’t help. |
| break the law | If you break the law, you face consequences. |
| break a record | She broke the world record in the 100m sprint. |
| break the rules | He’s always breaking the rules at school. |
| break the news | I had to break the news to her about the layoffs. |
| catch a cold | I caught a cold from someone at the office. |
| catch fire | The building caught fire due to faulty wiring. |
| come to a conclusion | After reviewing the data, we came to a conclusion. |
| come to an agreement | Both parties came to an agreement after long negotiations. |
類型2：形容詞 + 名詞
這些搭配詞決定哪些形容詞「屬於」哪些名詞。正確使用是讓你英語聽起來更自然的最快方式之一。
| 搭配詞 | 不要說 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| heavy rain |
|
There was heavy rain all weekend. |
| strong wind |
|
A strong wind blew the tent away. |
| heavy traffic |
|
We were stuck in heavy traffic for two hours. |
| fast food |
|
I try to avoid fast food as much as possible. |
| deep sleep |
|
She was in such a deep sleep that the alarm didn’t wake her. |
| high temperature |
|
The patient has a high temperature. |
| strong coffee |
|
I need a strong coffee this morning. |
| close friend |
|
She’s one of my closest friends. |
| narrow escape |
|
We had a narrow escape — the car missed us by inches. |
| bright idea |
|
Whose bright idea was it to start at 5 AM? |
| sharp increase |
|
There was a sharp increase in online sales. |
| slight problem |
|
There’s a slight problem with the schedule. |
| steady progress |
|
The team is making steady progress toward the deadline. |
| golden opportunity |
|
This is a golden opportunity to expand the business. |
類型3：名詞 + 名詞
一些名詞按慣例配對在一起。
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| traffic jam | We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour. |
| blood pressure | The doctor checked my blood pressure. |
| greenhouse effect | The greenhouse effect is causing global warming. |
| heart attack | He suffered a heart attack at the age of 52. |
| job satisfaction | Job satisfaction is more important than a high salary to many people. |
| budget cuts | The university announced major budget cuts. |
| career change | She made a career change at 40 and became a teacher. |
| climate change | Climate change is the defining issue of our time. |
| time management | Good time management is essential for university success. |
| action plan | We need a clear action plan for the next quarter. |
類型4：副詞 + 形容詞
這些搭配詞以特定的固定方式強化或修飾形容詞。
| 搭配詞 | 不要說 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| highly unlikely |
|
It’s highly unlikely that the project will finish on time. |
| deeply concerned |
|
I am deeply concerned about the recent test results. |
| bitterly disappointed |
|
She was bitterly disappointed with the outcome. |
| fully aware |
|
I’m fully aware of the risks involved. |
| utterly ridiculous |
|
The suggestion was utterly ridiculous. |
| wildly popular |
|
The show became wildly popular overnight. |
| heavily influenced |
|
Her work was heavily influenced by Japanese art. |
| vitally important |
|
It is vitally important to follow the safety procedures. |
| strictly forbidden |
|
Smoking is strictly forbidden inside the building. |
| widely recognized |
|
She is widely recognized as a leading expert in the field. |
類型5：動詞 + 介詞
這些不是片語動詞——動詞保持其核心含義，但需要特定的介詞。
| 搭配詞 | 不要說 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| depend on |
|
The outcome depends on several factors. |
| believe in |
|
Do you believe in life after death? |
| succeed in |
|
She succeeded in passing the bar exam on her first try. |
| apologize for |
|
He apologized for being late. |
| insist on |
|
She insisted on paying for dinner. |
| complain about |
|
He always complains about the weather. |
| concentrate on |
|
I need to concentrate on my work. |
| consist of |
|
The team consists of five members. |
| refer to |
|
Are you referring to the report I sent yesterday? |
| respond to |
|
She hasn’t responded to my email yet. |
| participate in |
|
Over 500 students participated in the competition. |
| suffer from |
|
He suffers from chronic back pain. |
| invest in |
|
The company invested heavily in new technology. |
類型6：副詞 + 動詞
這些搭配詞描述動作通常如何執行。
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| firmly believe | I firmly believe that education changes lives. |
| strongly recommend | I strongly recommend this book to all language learners. |
| deeply regret | We deeply regret the inconvenience caused. |
| fully understand | I fully understand your concerns. |
| flatly refuse | He flatly refused to answer the question. |
| greatly appreciate | I would greatly appreciate your help. |
| seriously consider | You should seriously consider the offer before declining. |
| wholeheartedly agree | I wholeheartedly agree with your proposal. |
| categorically deny | The company categorically denied the allegations. |
| thoroughly enjoy | We thoroughly enjoyed the concert last night. |
| readily available | The information is readily available online. |
常見搭配詞錯誤
這些是即使是中級學習者也不斷犯的錯誤。學習正確版本將立即改善你的英語。
MAKE vs. DO
這是非母語者最常見的搭配詞錯誤。
| 正確 | 不正確 |
|---|---|
| make a decision |
|
| make a mistake |
|
| make money |
|
| make progress |
|
| make a suggestion |
|
| do homework |
|
| do research |
|
| do business |
|
| do a favor |
|
| do exercise |
|
模式： MAKE用於創造、生產或建造某事（make a plan、make a cake、make an effort）。DO用於執行活動或任務（do the laundry、do work、do an experiment）。
常見形容詞+名詞錯誤
| 正確 | 不正確 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| heavy rain |
|
雨在英語中是「heavy」 |
| strong wind |
|
風是「strong」，不是「heavy」 |
| fast food |
|
固定複合詞：「fast food」 |
| high price |
|
價格是「high」或「low」，不是expensive |
| big mistake |
|
錯誤是「big」（或「huge」），不是「large」 |
常見動詞+名詞錯誤
| 正確 | 不正確 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| take a photo |
|
英語用TAKE，不是MAKE |
| pay attention |
|
與PAY的固定搭配 |
| catch a cold |
|
「Catch」是標準搭配詞 |
| tell a lie |
|
謊言是「tell」，不是「say」 |
| tell the truth |
|
同樣的模式：TELL，不是SAY |
按程度分類的搭配詞
A2–B1（初學到中級）
首先學習這些——它們在日常對話中不斷出現：
make a mistake, do homework, take a photo, have a meeting, pay attention, give advice, keep a secret, break the rules, catch a cold, fast food, heavy rain, strong wind, make a decision, do your best, take a break, have fun, get a job, close friend, big deal, traffic jam
B2（中高級）
這些出現在學術語境、新聞和職業溝通中：
make progress, do research, take action, have an effect, pay a compliment, give priority, keep in touch, break a record, come to a conclusion, sharp increase, steady progress, golden opportunity, bitter disappointment, highly unlikely, deeply concerned, firmly believe, strongly recommend, career change, time management, budget cuts
C1–C2（高級）
這些使近母語者區別於其他人：
make an allegation, do justice (to), take precedence, have ramifications, pay dividends, give rise to, keep abreast (of), break new ground, come to fruition, stark contrast, vested interest, sweeping changes, categorically deny, flatly refuse, wholly inadequate, inextricably linked, mutually exclusive
如需完整的高級搭配詞指南，請見高級英語搭配詞：C1–C2詞語組合。
IELTS和學術寫作的搭配詞
如果你在準備IELTS、TOEFL或學術寫作，這些搭配詞是必不可少的。
文章引言搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| raise a question | This trend raises the question of whether traditional education is still relevant. |
| a growing concern | Air pollution is a growing concern in major cities. |
| play a significant role | Technology plays a significant role in modern education. |
| draw attention to | The report draws attention to the widening gap between rich and poor. |
因果搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| have a profound impact | Social media has had a profound impact on how we communicate. |
| lead to consequences | Deforestation can lead to devastating consequences for biodiversity. |
| pose a threat | Plastic waste poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems. |
| face a challenge | Developing countries face unique challenges in combating climate change. |
數據和趨勢（IELTS第一題）
| 搭配詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| show a steady increase | The graph shows a steady increase in renewable energy adoption. |
| reach a peak | Unemployment reached a peak of 12% in 2009. |
| undergo a dramatic change | The industry underwent a dramatic change between 2015 and 2020. |
| remain relatively stable | Consumer spending remained relatively stable throughout the period. |
| account for a significant proportion | Asia accounted for a significant proportion of global exports. |
如需全面的IELTS詞彙策略，請見IELTS詞彙完整指南。如需考試專用搭配詞，請見PTE和IELTS搭配詞。
練習詞彙
將這25個出現在必備搭配詞中的單字添加到你的 Linglify 字典進行間隔重複。
affordable
形容詞
經濟實惠
範例
- The government is working to provide affordable housing for low-income families.
- This restaurant offers delicious and affordable meals for college students.
commute
動詞
通勤
範例
- Public transportation helps people commute efficiently reducing traffic congestion.
- Workers commute daily between suburban homes and downtown offices.
conservation
名詞
保育
範例
- Water conservation becomes increasingly important during periods of severe drought.
- Wildlife conservation is essential for protecting endangered species from extinction.
demanding
形容詞
苛求的
範例
- Medical school is very demanding and requires years of intensive study.
- She has a demanding boss who expects perfection in all tasks.
heritage
名詞
遺產
範例
- She inherited a rich heritage of family traditions from her grandparents.
- The ancient castle is an important part of our cultural heritage.
leisure
名詞
休閒
範例
- People enjoy various leisure activities during weekends and holidays.
- Reading books is popular leisure pursuit for many educated people.
luxurious
形容詞
豪華的
範例
- She dreams of owning luxurious car with leather seats and sunroof.
- The luxurious hotel suite includes marble bathroom and ocean view.
memorable
形容詞
難忘的, 令人難忘的, 值得紀念的
範例
- Graduation day was memorable occasion for entire family.
- The memorable speech inspired students to pursue their dreams.
nutritious
形容詞
有營養的
範例
- Fresh vegetables are nutritious and support overall health.
- Nutritious breakfast provides energy for productive school day.
passionate
形容詞
熱情的, 充滿激情的
範例
- Passionate speech moves audience to take action.
- Passionate teacher inspires students to learn more.
pollution
名詞
污染
範例
- Air pollution affects public health in cities.
- Ocean pollution threatens marine life worldwide.
privacy
名詞
隱私
範例
- Hotel guests expect privacy during their stay.
- Internet privacy becomes increasingly important issue nowadays.
scenic
形容詞
風景優美的
範例
- Scenic overlook provides perfect spot for photographs.
- Scenic route takes longer but offers beautiful.
traditional
形容詞
傳統的
範例
- Traditional cooking methods preserve authentic flavors perfectly.
- Traditional music reflects cultural history and values.
uneven
形容詞
不平衡的
範例
- Uneven ground makes walking difficult and dangerous.
- Uneven performance shows inconsistent skill level development.
volunteer
動詞
志願
範例
- Citizens volunteer time for community improvement projects.
- Students volunteer at local charity organizations regularly.
substantially
副詞
大幅地, 實質上
範例
- Her performance substantially improved after additional training and practice.
- Prices have increased substantially over the past few months.
liaison
名詞
聯絡
範例
- Military liaison officers coordinate operations between allied forces.
- She serves as liaison between different departments.
sustainable
形容詞
可持續的
範例
- Company implements sustainable business model for long-term success.
- Sustainable farming practices protect soil and water resources.
acclaimed
形容詞
受到讚譽的
範例
- His performance was acclaimed by critics.
- The acclaimed author received many awards for her novel.
cancellation
名詞
取消, 撤銷
範例
- Due to weather, the flight cancellation was inevitable.
- The concert's cancellation disappointed many fans.
discretion
名詞
謹慎
範例
- He exercised discretion in his decisions.
- Use your discretion when sharing information.
indication
名詞
指示
範例
- The indication of his illness was clear after the tests.
- There was no indication that she was unhappy.
serenity
名詞
寧靜
範例
- She maintained her serenity despite the chaos.
- The serenity of the lake was calming.
如何學習搭配詞
1. 成對學習，而不是單獨學習
永遠不要孤立地學習一個單字。當你學習「decision」時，立即學習「make a decision」。當你學習「rain」時，學習「heavy rain」。
2. 廣泛閱讀
搭配詞通過接觸而不是記憶來吸收。閱讀《經濟學人》、BBC、《衛報》和學術期刊的文章。當你注意到一個聽起來自然的詞語組合時，寫下來。
3. 使用搭配詞字典
《牛津英語學習者搭配詞詞典》是最好的專業資源。在線工具如Ozdic.com提供免費的搭配詞查詢。
4. 從你的錯誤中學習
當母語者或老師糾正你的選詞——「我們說’heavy rain’，不是’strong rain’」——寫下正確的搭配詞。
5. 使用間隔重複
將搭配詞添加到 Linglify 或任何間隔重複系統。以完整單位學習：「make + decision」作為一個字卡，而不是「make」和「decision」分開。
6. 通過造句練習
對於每個新搭配詞，在不同語境中寫3個使用它的句子。「Heavy rain」→（1）「We cancelled the picnic due to heavy rain.」（2）「Heavy rain is expected throughout the week.」（3）「The heavy rain caused flooding in low-lying areas.」
接下來閱讀什麼
按程度：
- 英語搭配詞實用：按程度分類的必備組合 — 從A2到C2的搭配詞
- 高級英語搭配詞：C1–C2詞語組合 — 中高級和高級學習者
按考試：
- PTE和IELTS搭配詞：考試搭配詞清單 — 提升你的詞彙資源分數
- IELTS寫作第一題詞彙 — 第一題的數據描述搭配詞
相關詞彙：
常見問題
用簡單的話說，什麼是搭配詞？
搭配詞是兩個或更多在英語中自然搭配的單字。「Make a decision」是一個搭配詞，因為英語說話者總是說「make」配「decision」——而不是「do a decision」或「take a decision」。搭配詞是詞語夥伴關係：某些單字就是屬於在一起，使用錯誤的夥伴聽起來不自然，即使語法是正確的。
如何區分搭配詞和複合詞？
複合詞是一個作為單一單字功能的固定單元：「traffic jam」、「greenhouse」、「cell phone」。搭配詞是更鬆散的詞語夥伴關係：「heavy rain」、「make a decision」、「strongly recommend」。許多複合名詞從搭配詞開始，變得如此固定以至於合併為一個單一概念。
搭配詞在英式英語和美式英語中有所不同嗎？
大多數搭配詞在兩種變體中相同。然而，有一些不同：美國人「take a shower」而一些英國人「have a shower」。這些差異很小，兩種形式都被廣泛理解。對於IELTS和TOEFL，兩種變體都被接受。
搭配詞對IELTS有多重要？
非常重要。IELTS詞彙資源的Band描述在每個Band級別都特別提到搭配詞。Band 6使用「一些不太常見的項目，儘管有一些不準確」。Band 7顯示「對風格和搭配詞的意識」。Band 8使用「不常見的詞彙項目」具有「熟練使用搭配詞」。
學習搭配詞的最佳方法是什麼？
以詞對的方式學習（永遠不要在沒有「make a decision」的情況下學習「decision」），廣泛閱讀英語（搭配詞通過接觸而吸收），使用搭配詞字典（牛津搭配詞字典是黃金標準），並用間隔重複學習。
