英語片語動詞：完整指南附200+例句
片語動詞是英語中對非母語者來說最令人沮喪的部分。你學習了「give」意思是把東西遞給某人——然後發現「give up」意思是放棄，「give in」意思是屈服，「give away」意思是捐贈，「give off」意思是散發氣味。一個基本動詞、四個助詞、四個完全不同的含義。乘以英語中每個常見動詞，你就有了數千個組合。
但事實是：片語動詞不是可選的。母語者不斷使用它們——在對話、工作、電子郵件、社交媒體，甚至在學術語境中。如果你避免使用片語動詞，你的英語聽起來永遠正式且機械，無論你的一般詞彙量有多大。
本指南涵蓋你需要了解的關於片語動詞的一切：
- 什麼是片語動詞以及它們在語法上如何運作，
- 可分離、不可分離和三詞片語動詞的區別，
- 200+必備片語動詞按基本動詞分類，
- 每個條目在真實語境中的例子，
- 真正學習它們的學習系統。
什麼是片語動詞？
片語動詞是動詞和一個或兩個助詞（介詞、副詞或兩者兼有）的組合，創造出與原始動詞不同的含義。
單獨動詞： look = 用眼睛 片語動詞： look up = 查詢信息 片語動詞： look after = 照顧 片語動詞： look forward to = 愉快地期待
關鍵點：你無法從片語動詞的各部分猜測其含義。「Look」+「up」在邏輯上不等於「查詢信息」。這就是片語動詞的難點——以及為什麼你需要將它們作為完整單位學習，而不是試圖逐字解碼。
為什麼片語動詞重要
| 語境 | 正式替代 | 片語動詞 |
|---|---|---|
| 日常對話 | I need to discover the answer. | I need to find out the answer. |
| 電子郵件 | Could you investigate this issue? | Could you look into this issue? |
| 會議 | Let us postpone the decision. | Let’s put off the decision. |
| 新聞 | The company terminated 200 employees. | The company laid off 200 employees. |
母語者在大多數情況下默認使用片語動詞。正式替代詞在口語中聽起來生硬，在隨意寫作中不必要地複雜。
片語動詞的類型
類型1：可分離及物動詞
賓語可以放在動詞和助詞之間，也可以放在助詞之後。如果賓語是代詞（it、them、her），它必須放在中間。
| 片語動詞 | 正確 | 正確 | 不正確 |
|---|---|---|---|
| turn off | Turn off the TV. | Turn the TV off. |
|
| pick up | Pick up your bag. | Pick your bag up. |
|
| figure out | Figure out the answer. | Figure the answer out. |
|
代詞規則： 永遠分開。
- Turn it off. ✓
-
Turn off it.✗
類型2：不可分離及物動詞
動詞和助詞必須保持在一起。賓語永遠在後面。
| 片語動詞 | 正確 | 不正確 |
|---|---|---|
| look after | Look after the children. |
|
| run into | I ran into an old friend. |
|
| get over | She got over the flu. |
|
類型3：不及物（無賓語）
這些片語動詞根本不帶賓語。
| 片語動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| break down | My car broke down on the highway. |
| show up | He showed up late to the meeting. |
| pass out | She passed out from the heat. |
| grow up | I grew up in a small town. |
類型4：三詞片語動詞
這些組合動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞。它們始終不可分離。
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look forward to | 愉快地期待 | I look forward to hearing from you. |
| put up with | 容忍 | I can’t put up with this noise anymore. |
| come up with | 想出（一個主意） | She came up with a brilliant solution. |
| get along with | 關係融洽 | Do you get along with your colleagues? |
| look down on | 認為低下 | He looks down on people who didn’t go to university. |
| run out of | 用完 | We’ve run out of milk. |
| keep up with | 保持相同速度/水平 | I can’t keep up with all the new updates. |
| look up to | 欽佩和尊重 | I’ve always looked up to my grandmother. |
200+必備片語動詞按基本動詞分類
GET（得到、變得）
GET產生的片語動詞比任何其他英語動詞都多。這是你應該首先掌握的第一個動詞家族。
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get up | 起床；站起來 | I get up at 6:30 every morning. |
| get along (with) | 關係融洽 | My sister and I get along really well now that we are adults. |
| get over | 從…恢復 | It took me weeks to get over that cold. |
| get through | 完成；渡過艱難時期 | I don’t know how she got through that exam — it was brutal. |
| get away | 逃脫；離開 | The thief got away before the police arrived. |
| get away with | 避免因…而受罰 | He cheated on the test and got away with it. |
| get by | 以有限資源維持 | She gets by on a very modest salary. |
| get on | 上（交通工具）；進展 | Get on the bus at the third stop. |
| get off | 下（交通工具）；下班 | What time do you get off work? |
| get back | 返回 | I’ll get back to you tomorrow with an answer. |
| get into | 參與；進入 | She got into photography during the lockdown. |
| get out of | 避免做某事 | He always tries to get out of washing the dishes. |
| get rid of | 移除或處置 | I need to get rid of these old magazines. |
| get across | 清晰地傳達想法 | The teacher struggled to get the concept across to the students. |
TAKE（拿、進行）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| take off | 脫（衣服）；飛機起飛；變得成功 | The plane took off 20 minutes late. |
| take on | 接受（工作、責任）；招聘 | The company is taking on new staff this quarter. |
| take up | 開始（愛好或活動）；佔據（時間/空間） | I took up running during the pandemic. |
| take over | 獲得控制 | A larger company took over the startup last year. |
| take after | 像（家庭成員） | She takes after her mother — they have the same eyes. |
| take back | 退回某物；收回陳述 | I take back what I said — you were right. |
| take down | 拆除；記下 | Can you take down the decorations? |
| take in | 吸收（信息）；欺騙 | There was so much to take in on the first day of training. |
| take out | 移除；帶出去吃的外帶食物 | Let’s take out the trash. |
MAKE（做、製作）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| make up | 編造（故事）；和好 | She made up an excuse for being late. / They argued but made up the next day. |
| make out | 艱難地理解；勉強維持 | I can’t make out what this handwriting says. |
| make up for | 補償 | I’ll make up for the lost time by working late. |
| make do (with) | 用現有的勉強應付 | We don’t have butter, so we’ll have to make do with margarine. |
PUT（放、穿）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| put off | 推遲；使人掃興 | Don’t put off your homework until tomorrow. |
| put on | 穿上；增加（體重）；舉辦（活動） | Put on your coat — it’s cold outside. |
| put up with | 容忍 | I can’t put up with his constant complaints. |
| put away | 收起；儲蓄 | Put the groceries away, please. |
| put out | 撲滅（火）；生產 | The firefighters put out the blaze in under an hour. |
| put forward | 提出（想法或計劃） | She put forward a proposal to reduce costs. |
| put down | 寫下；批評；安樂死（動物） | He’s always putting people down with sarcastic comments. |
| put together | 組裝 | It took three hours to put the furniture together. |
TURN（轉、變）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| turn on/off | 開啟/關閉設備 | Turn off the lights when you leave. |
| turn up | 到來；調高（音量） | She turned up an hour late. |
| turn down | 拒絕；降低（音量） | He turned down the job offer. |
| turn out | 結果；出席 | The party turned out to be amazing. |
| turn into | 轉變；成為 | The caterpillar turns into a butterfly. |
| turn around | 逆轉方向；改善 | The new CEO turned the company around in two years. |
LOOK（看、調查）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look up | 查詢信息 | Look up the word in a dictionary. |
| look after | 照顧 | Who looks after your children when you work? |
| look into | 調查 | The police are looking into the incident. |
| look forward to | 愉快地期待 | I look forward to meeting you. |
| look out (for) | 小心；注意 | Look out — there’s a car coming! |
| look down on | 感覺優越於 | She looks down on people who shop at discount stores. |
| look up to | 欽佩 | Many young athletes look up to professional players. |
| look over | 複習或檢查 | Could you look over my essay before I submit it? |
COME（來）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| come up | 出現；被提及 | Something has come up — I can’t make it tonight. |
| come up with | 想出；提出 | We need to come up with a new marketing strategy. |
| come across | 偶然發現；給人某種印象 | I came across an interesting article yesterday. |
| come back | 返回 | When are you coming back from your trip? |
| come down with | 患上（疾病） | I think I’m coming down with a cold. |
| come around | 改變主意；拜訪 | She was skeptical at first but eventually came around. |
GO（去）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| go on | 繼續；發生 | Go on — tell me what happened. / What’s going on? |
| go through | 經歷；仔細檢查 | She went through a difficult divorce last year. |
| go over | 複習 | Let me go over the main points one more time. |
| go off | 爆炸；響起（鬧鐘）；變質（食物） | The fire alarm went off at 3 AM. |
| go ahead | 繼續進行 | Go ahead and start without me. |
| go out | 外出；熄滅 | We go out for dinner every Friday. |
BREAK（打破）
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| break down | 停止工作（機器）；情緒崩潰；分析 | The car broke down on the highway. |
| break up | 結束關係；解散 | They broke up after five years together. |
| break out | 突然發生（戰爭、火災、疾病）；逃脫 | A fire broke out on the third floor. |
| break into | 強行進入；進入新領域 | Someone broke into my apartment. |
其他重要片語動詞
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| give up | 停止嘗試；戒掉習慣 | Never give up on your dreams. |
| give away | 捐贈；洩露秘密 | Don’t give away the ending! |
| set up | 建立；安排 | She set up her own company at 25. |
| set off | 開始旅程；觸發 | We set off early to avoid traffic. |
| bring up | 撫養（孩子）；提及（話題） | She brought up three children on her own. |
| bring about | 引起 | Technology has brought about major changes in education. |
| carry on | 繼續 | Carry on with your work — I’ll wait. |
| carry out | 執行；完成 | The team carried out the experiment successfully. |
| work out | 鍛煉；解決；成功 | I work out three times a week. |
| run into | 偶然遇見；遇到（問題） | I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket. |
| run out (of) | 用完 | We’ve run out of paper for the printer. |
| pick up | 拿起；接送；非正式學習 | I picked up some Spanish during my trip. |
| cut down (on) | 減少 | I’m trying to cut down on sugar. |
| fall behind | 落後 | If you miss classes, you’ll fall behind quickly. |
| keep up (with) | 跟上相同進度 | It’s hard to keep up with all the new slang. |
按主題分類的片語動詞
工作和商業
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out | 執行任務 | We carried out a thorough risk assessment. |
| set up | 建立 | She set up a meeting for Friday afternoon. |
| take on | 接受責任 | He took on the project manager role. |
| lay off | 解雇 | The factory laid off 300 workers. |
| follow up (on) | 跟進 | I’ll follow up on your application next week. |
| step down | 辭職 | The CEO stepped down after the scandal. |
旅行
| 片語動詞 | 含義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| check in / check out | 入住/退房 | We checked in at the hotel around 3 PM. |
| set off | 開始旅程 | We set off at dawn to reach the summit by noon. |
| get around | 在某區域內旅行 | The easiest way to get around Bangkok is by BTS train. |
| pick up | 接某人 | I’ll pick you up at the airport. |
| drop off | 送某人到某地 | The taxi dropped us off at the wrong hotel. |
| stop over | 旅途中短暫停留 | We stopped over in Dubai on the way to Bali. |
練習詞彙
將這25個片語動詞基本詞彙添加到你的 Linglify 字典進行間隔重複。
affordable
形容詞
經濟實惠
範例
- The government is working to provide affordable housing for low-income families.
- This restaurant offers delicious and affordable meals for college students.
commute
動詞
通勤
範例
- Public transportation helps people commute efficiently reducing traffic congestion.
- Workers commute daily between suburban homes and downtown offices.
demanding
形容詞
苛求的
範例
- Medical school is very demanding and requires years of intensive study.
- She has a demanding boss who expects perfection in all tasks.
heritage
名詞
遺產
範例
- She inherited a rich heritage of family traditions from her grandparents.
- The ancient castle is an important part of our cultural heritage.
leisure
名詞
休閒
範例
- People enjoy various leisure activities during weekends and holidays.
- Reading books is popular leisure pursuit for many educated people.
luxurious
形容詞
豪華的
範例
- She dreams of owning luxurious car with leather seats and sunroof.
- The luxurious hotel suite includes marble bathroom and ocean view.
memorable
形容詞
難忘的, 令人難忘的, 值得紀念的
範例
- Graduation day was memorable occasion for entire family.
- The memorable speech inspired students to pursue their dreams.
nutritious
形容詞
有營養的
範例
- Fresh vegetables are nutritious and support overall health.
- Nutritious breakfast provides energy for productive school day.
passionate
形容詞
熱情的, 充滿激情的
範例
- Passionate speech moves audience to take action.
- Passionate teacher inspires students to learn more.
pollution
名詞
污染
範例
- Air pollution affects public health in cities.
- Ocean pollution threatens marine life worldwide.
privacy
名詞
隱私
範例
- Hotel guests expect privacy during their stay.
- Internet privacy becomes increasingly important issue nowadays.
scenic
形容詞
風景優美的
範例
- Scenic overlook provides perfect spot for photographs.
- Scenic route takes longer but offers beautiful.
traditional
形容詞
傳統的
範例
- Traditional cooking methods preserve authentic flavors perfectly.
- Traditional music reflects cultural history and values.
uneven
形容詞
不平衡的
範例
- Uneven ground makes walking difficult and dangerous.
- Uneven performance shows inconsistent skill level development.
volunteer
動詞
志願
範例
- Citizens volunteer time for community improvement projects.
- Students volunteer at local charity organizations regularly.
substantially
副詞
大幅地, 實質上
範例
- Her performance substantially improved after additional training and practice.
- Prices have increased substantially over the past few months.
liaison
名詞
聯絡
範例
- Military liaison officers coordinate operations between allied forces.
- She serves as liaison between different departments.
sustainable
形容詞
可持續的
範例
- Company implements sustainable business model for long-term success.
- Sustainable farming practices protect soil and water resources.
acclaimed
形容詞
受到讚譽的
範例
- His performance was acclaimed by critics.
- The acclaimed author received many awards for her novel.
cancellation
名詞
取消, 撤銷
範例
- Due to weather, the flight cancellation was inevitable.
- The concert's cancellation disappointed many fans.
colour
名詞
顏色
範例
- She chose a bright colour for her dress.
- The colour of the sky was a deep blue.
discretion
名詞
謹慎
範例
- He exercised discretion in his decisions.
- Use your discretion when sharing information.
indication
名詞
指示
範例
- The indication of his illness was clear after the tests.
- There was no indication that she was unhappy.
serenity
名詞
寧靜
範例
- She maintained her serenity despite the chaos.
- The serenity of the lake was calming.
如何學習片語動詞（真正有效的方法）
1. 按基本動詞學習，而不是按字母順序
你的大腦已經有了GET、TAKE、MAKE等的記憶文件。將新的片語動詞添加到現有的動詞文件比記憶不相關的組合容易得多。
2. 在語境中學習，而不是孤立學習
「Put off = postpone」很難記住。「I keep putting off my dentist appointment」是你可以想象的真實情況。對於每個片語動詞，寫一個關於你自己生活的句子。
3. 首先專注於最常見的50個
你不需要200個片語動詞。50個最常見的片語動詞涵蓋了日常對話的絕大多數。
4. 在實際使用中注意片語動詞
在看電視節目、閱讀新聞文章或聆聽播客時，記下你聽到的每個片語動詞。
5. 使用間隔重複
將片語動詞添加到 Linglify 或任何間隔重複系統。研究表明，你需要與一個單字相遇8-12次才能使其自動化。
片語動詞常見錯誤
錯誤1：分開不可分離的片語動詞
錯誤： I ran my old friend into. 正確： I ran into my old friend.
錯誤2：代詞不分開
錯誤： Turn off it. 正確： Turn it off.
錯誤3：使用錯誤的助詞
錯誤： She got over the bus.（= 她爬過公車） 正確： She got on the bus.（= 她上了公車）
錯誤4：完全避免片語動詞
一些學習者只使用正式的單一動詞：investigate 而不是 look into，tolerate 而不是 put up with。這在對話中聽起來不自然，並在IELTS等考試中限制你的分數。
片語動詞與正式替代詞：快速參考
| 正式動詞 | 片語動詞 | 何時使用正式版本 |
|---|---|---|
| postpone | put off | 學術寫作、正式電子郵件 |
| investigate | look into | 研究論文、官方報告 |
| tolerate | put up with | 正式投訴、法律語境 |
| eliminate | get rid of | 科學寫作、政策文件 |
| discover | find out | 學術論文 |
| establish | set up | 商業文件、法律文本 |
| reject | turn down | 官方信函 |
接下來閱讀什麼
按程度：
按基本動詞：
按語境：
常見問題
英語中有多少個片語動詞？
估計範圍從5,000到超過10,000個組合。然而，只有大約200-300個在日常英語中頻繁使用。
片語動詞和習語有什麼區別？
片語動詞是動詞+助詞組合：「give up」、「look into」、「take off」。習語是任何含義非字面的固定表達：「a piece of cake」（= 容易的事情）、「under the weather」（= 感覺不舒服）。
我需要知道所有片語動詞才能通過IELTS嗎？
不需要。對於IELTS Band 7，你需要在口語中展示詞彙的「靈活性」，包括一些自然使用的片語動詞。知道50-80個片語動詞對任何IELTS band都已足夠。
為什麼片語動詞這麼難學？
三個原因：（1）含義不可預測——你無法從個別單字猜測「look up」意思是「查詢信息」；（2）一個片語動詞可以有多種含義——「take off」意思是脫衣服、起飛（飛機）和變得成功；（3）語法規則（可分離與不可分離）有例外。
我可以只使用正式動詞而不是片語動詞嗎？
技術上可以，但你的英語聽起來會生硬不自然。比較：「I discovered the answer」和「I found out the answer」。在對話中，避免使用片語動詞是非母語者說話最大的標誌。
