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Vocabulario IELTS Tarea 1 de Redacción: Palabras Esenciales para Gráficos y Mapas

#IELTS #Redacción #Vocabulario #Tarea 1

La Tarea 1 de Redacción del IELTS no es un ensayo — es una descripción de datos. Tienes 20 minutos para describir un gráfico, tabla, mapa o diagrama de proceso en al menos 150 palabras. El vocabulario que necesitas es completamente diferente al de la Tarea 2. En lugar de opiniones y argumentos, necesitas palabras para tendencias, comparaciones, proporciones y períodos de tiempo.

La mayoría de los candidatos pierden puntos aquí no porque malinterpreten los datos, sino porque los describen usando siempre las mismas tres palabras: «increased», «decreased» y «the chart shows». Esta guía te ofrece 150+ palabras y frases organizadas exactamente según cómo se usan en la Tarea 1 — para que puedas describir cualquier tipo de gráfico con la precisión y variedad que requieren las Bandas 7–9.

Total de vocabulario: 150+ palabras y frases
Organizado por: función (tendencias, comparaciones, proporciones, introducciones de gráficos, tiempo)
Tipos de gráficos cubiertos: gráficos lineales, gráficos de barras, gráficos circulares, tablas, mapas, diagramas de proceso
Ideal para: Tarea 1 del IELTS Academic, preparación para Bandas 6–9

Cómo se puntúa el vocabulario en la Tarea 1

La Tarea 1 usa los mismos cuatro criterios que la Tarea 2, cada uno con un 25%:

Criterio	Qué significa para la Tarea 1
Logro de la tarea	¿Describiste las características clave e hiciste comparaciones?
Coherencia y cohesión	¿Está tu descripción bien organizada y enlazada?
Recurso Léxico	¿Usaste una variedad de vocabulario con precisión?
Variedad gramatical	¿Usaste una variedad de estructuras oracionales?

El Recurso Léxico es donde el vocabulario determina directamente tu puntuación:

Banda	Qué esperan los examinadores
5	Vocabulario limitado; puede usar la palabra incorrecta para las tendencias; repetitivo
6	Vocabulario adecuado; intenta palabras menos comunes pero con algunos errores
7	Variedad suficiente para describir datos con flexibilidad; usa vocabulario menos común
8	Amplia variedad de vocabulario usada de forma natural; errores raros; elección precisa de palabras
9	Flexibilidad y precisión totales; la escritura parece un informe profesional

El mayor error de vocabulario en la Tarea 1 es la repetición. Si escribes «increased» cuatro veces y «decreased» tres veces, tu puntuación se limitará a la Banda 6 independientemente de cuán precisa sea tu descripción de datos.

Cinco tipos de gráficos con sus categorías de vocabulario correspondientes — gráfico lineal, gráfico de barras, gráfico circular, tabla y diagrama de proceso

Categoría 1: Introducir el gráfico

Cada respuesta de la Tarea 1 comienza parafraseando lo que muestra el gráfico. Nunca copies la pregunta palabra por palabra — los examinadores penalizan esto.

Verbos para «The chart shows…»

Verbo	Formalidad	Ejemplo
illustrates	formal	The line graph illustrates changes in unemployment rates over a 20-year period.
depicts	formal	The bar chart depicts the number of tourists visiting five countries in 2024.
presents	neutro	The table presents a comparison of average salaries across four industries.
compares	neutro	The chart compares the percentage of households with internet access in three nations.
outlines	formal	The diagram outlines the process of water purification.
provides information about	neutro	The graph provides information about energy consumption by sector.
gives a breakdown of	neutro	The pie chart gives a breakdown of government spending by category.

Sustantivos para los tipos de gráficos

Usa sustantivos precisos — no llames «the chart» a todo.

Tipo de gráfico	Frases nominales
Gráfico lineal	the line graph, the graph, the figure
Gráfico de barras	the bar chart, the chart, the figure
Gráfico circular	the pie chart, the chart
Tabla	the table, the data, the figures
Mapa	the two maps, the diagrams
Proceso	the diagram, the flow chart, the figure

Expresiones de tiempo para la introducción

Expresión	Ejemplo
over a _-year period	…over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020.
between *and*	…between 2010 and 2025.
from to	…from January to December 2024.
during the period	…during the period shown.
in the year _	…in the year 2023.

Introducción de ejemplo (Banda 7+): The line graph illustrates the average monthly rainfall in three Asian cities over a 12-month period from January to December.

Categoría 2: Describir tendencias ascendentes

Esta es la categoría de vocabulario más importante para la Tarea 1. Necesitas múltiples formas de decir «went up».

Verbos (movimiento ascendente)

Verbo	Intensidad	Ejemplo
rose	moderada	Sales rose from 200 to 350 units.
increased	moderada	The number of students increased steadily.
grew	moderada	The population grew by 15% over the decade.
climbed	moderada–fuerte	Unemployment climbed to 8% in the third quarter.
surged	fuerte	Demand surged during the holiday season.
soared	muy fuerte	House prices soared to record levels.
rocketed	muy fuerte	Internet usage rocketed between 2000 and 2010.
jumped	repentina	Exports jumped by 25% in a single month.
doubled	específica	The figure doubled from 500 to 1,000.
tripled	específica	Revenue tripled in the space of five years.

Sustantivos (movimiento ascendente)

Sustantivo	Intensidad	Ejemplo
a rise	moderada	There was a rise in the number of applicants.
an increase	moderada	The chart shows an increase of 20%.
growth	moderada	The country experienced steady economic growth.
a surge	fuerte	There was a sharp surge in demand.
a jump	repentina	A sudden jump occurred in March.
a peak	máximo	The figure reached a peak of 450 in July.

Adverbios y adjetivos (velocidad y magnitud)

Descripción	Adverbio (con verbo)	Adjetivo (con sustantivo)
cambio pequeño	slightly, marginally	a slight, a marginal
cambio moderado	moderately, steadily	a moderate, a steady
cambio grande	significantly, considerably	a significant, a considerable
cambio rápido	sharply, rapidly, dramatically	a sharp, a rapid, a dramatic
cambio muy rápido	steeply, exponentially	a steep, an exponential

Combinándolos:

Sales rose sharply from 200 to 500. (verbo + adverbio)
There was a sharp rise from 200 to 500. (adjetivo + sustantivo)
The figure increased significantly, reaching 500 by December. (verbo + adverbio)

Escala de intensidad del vocabulario de tendencias de leve a dramático — mostrando cómo los adverbios y adjetivos se corresponden con la magnitud de los cambios en los datos

Categoría 3: Describir tendencias descendentes

Verbos (movimiento descendente)

Verbo	Intensidad	Ejemplo
fell	moderada	The temperature fell to below zero overnight.
decreased	moderada	Exports decreased by 12% compared to the previous year.
declined	moderada	The birth rate has declined steadily since 2010.
dropped	moderada–fuerte	Attendance dropped sharply in the second quarter.
shrank	moderada	The workforce shrank due to automation.
plummeted	muy fuerte	Tourism numbers plummeted during the pandemic.
plunged	muy fuerte	Share prices plunged after the announcement.
halved	específica	The number of complaints halved within one year.
dipped	leve/temporal	Revenue dipped briefly in March before recovering.

Sustantivos (movimiento descendente)

Sustantivo	Intensidad	Ejemplo
a fall	moderada	There was a fall of 15% in the third quarter.
a decrease	moderada	The data shows a decrease in household spending.
a decline	moderada	A steady decline is visible from 2015 onwards.
a drop	moderada–fuerte	A sharp drop occurred between June and July.
a dip	leve/temporal	There was a slight dip in sales during the summer.
a low	mínimo	The figure reached a low of 120 in February.

Los mismos adverbios y adjetivos de la Categoría 2 se aplican aquí: fell sharply, a dramatic decline, decreased slightly.

Categoría 4: Describir la estabilidad y la fluctuación

No todos los datos suben o bajan. Necesitas vocabulario para las líneas planas y el movimiento inestable.

Estabilidad (sin cambios)

Expresión	Ejemplo
remained stable at	The rate remained stable at approximately 5%.
stayed constant at	Prices stayed constant at $200 throughout the year.
leveled off at	After rising sharply, the figure leveled off at 300.
plateaued at	Growth plateaued at 3% between 2018 and 2022.
remained unchanged	The proportion of female employees remained unchanged.
held steady at	Interest rates held steady at 2.5%.
maintained the same level	Exports maintained the same level as the previous year.

Fluctuación (subidas y bajadas)

Expresión	Ejemplo
fluctuated between *and*	The exchange rate fluctuated between 1.2 and 1.5.
varied considerably	Rainfall varied considerably from month to month.
experienced fluctuations	The stock price experienced significant fluctuations.
was erratic / volatile	Sales figures were erratic throughout the period.

Categoría 5: Comparar datos

La Tarea 1 casi siempre requiere comparaciones — entre países, períodos de tiempo, categorías o grupos.

Comparar valores más altos

Expresión	Ejemplo
was higher than	Spending on education was higher than spending on defense.
exceeded	Exports exceeded imports for the first time in 2019.
was the highest	Japan had the highest internet usage rate at 92%.
surpassed	Renewable energy surpassed coal as the primary source.
outnumbered	Female graduates outnumbered male graduates by 2 to 1.
accounted for the largest share	Housing accounted for the largest share of expenditure.

Comparar valores más bajos

Expresión	Ejemplo
was lower than	The average salary was lower than the national median.
was the lowest	Country C had the lowest GDP per capita.
fell behind	Rural areas fell behind urban areas in internet access.
accounted for the smallest proportion	Transport accounted for the smallest proportion of spending.

Comparar valores similares

Expresión	Ejemplo
was similar to	Male and female participation rates were similar.
was comparable to	The 2020 figure was comparable to that of 2015.
was almost the same as	Spending on food was almost the same as spending on transport.
was roughly equal to	The number of imports was roughly equal to exports.

Frases de contraste

Expresión	Ejemplo
whereas	Japan had a rate of 92%, whereas India had only 34%.
while	While exports rose, imports declined sharply.
in contrast	Spending on education grew. In contrast, defense spending fell.
compared to / compared with	The figure was 45% in 2020, compared to only 12% in 2000.
by contrast	Urban areas grew rapidly. By contrast, rural populations shrank.
on the other hand	Europe saw growth. On the other hand, Africa experienced a decline.

Categoría 6: Describir proporciones y cantidades

Imprescindible para los gráficos circulares y las tablas.

Expresión	Rango aproximado	Ejemplo
the vast majority of	80–95%	The vast majority of respondents preferred option A.
the majority of	50–80%	The majority of students chose science subjects.
over half / more than half	50–65%	Over half of the budget was allocated to salaries.
a significant proportion of	30–50%	A significant proportion of energy came from coal.
around a third / roughly a third	~33%	Roughly a third of the population lived in urban areas.
a quarter / approximately a quarter	~25%	A quarter of all exports went to China.
a small minority of	5–15%	A small minority of households had no internet access.
a negligible proportion of	<5%	A negligible proportion of energy came from solar power.

Palabras de aproximación

Palabra	Ejemplo
approximately / roughly	Approximately 45% of students passed.
around / about	Around 30 million tourists visited annually.
just over / just under	Just over 60% of respondents agreed.
nearly / almost	Nearly 90% of households had internet access.
exactly / precisely	The figure was exactly 50%.

Categoría 7: Vocabulario para mapas y diagramas de proceso

Los mapas y los procesos requieren un vocabulario diferente al de los gráficos de datos. Muchos candidatos pierden puntos porque aplican vocabulario de gráficos a estos tipos de preguntas.

Mapas — Describir cambios

Expresión	Ejemplo
was replaced by	The farmland was replaced by a shopping center.
was converted into	The warehouse was converted into apartments.
was demolished / was knocked down	The old factory was demolished to make way for a park.
was constructed / was built	A new bridge was constructed across the river.
was extended / was expanded	The road was extended to connect the two villages.
was relocated to	The hospital was relocated to the outskirts of town.
remained unchanged	The church in the center remained unchanged.
underwent significant development	The area to the east underwent significant development.

Mapas — Describir la ubicación

Expresión	Ejemplo
to the north / south / east / west of	A park was built to the north of the river.
in the center of	The town hall is located in the center of the map.
adjacent to / next to	The new school was built adjacent to the library.
on the outskirts of	A new housing estate was developed on the outskirts.
along the coast / riverbank	Hotels were constructed along the coast.
in the northeast / southwest corner	A factory appeared in the northeast corner.

Diagramas de proceso — Secuenciación

Expresión	Ejemplo
in the first stage / step	In the first stage, raw materials are collected.
then / next / subsequently	The mixture is then heated to 100°C.
following this / after this	Following this, the liquid is filtered.
at this point / at this stage	At this stage, quality checks are performed.
finally / in the final stage	Finally, the finished product is packaged for distribution.
the process begins with	The process begins with the extraction of raw materials.
once _ is complete	Once filtration is complete, the water enters the storage tank.

Antes y después: respuesta completa de la Tarea 1

La pregunta

The line graph below shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020.

Versión de Banda 5

The chart shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, Japan had 30%, the USA had 40%, and India had 5%. The internet access increased in all three countries. Japan increased to 95%, the USA increased to 90%, and India increased to 50%. Japan had the highest percentage in 2020. India had the lowest percentage. The internet access increased a lot in all countries.

Problemas: «increased» usado 4 veces, «shows» copiado de la pregunta, «a lot» es vago, no hay lenguaje de comparación ni adverbios.

Versión de Banda 7+

The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet connectivity in Japan, the USA, and India over a two-decade period from 2000 to 2020.

Overall, internet access rose significantly in all three nations, with Japan achieving the highest penetration rate by the end of the period.

In 2000, the USA led with approximately 40% of households connected, followed by Japan at 30%, while India lagged considerably behind at just 5%. Over the next decade, Japan experienced the most dramatic growth, surging from 30% to around 80%, thereby surpassing the USA, which climbed more steadily to 75%.

Between 2010 and 2020, Japan’s figure continued to rise, reaching a peak of 95%. The USA followed a similar trajectory, plateauing at roughly 90% by 2018. India, although starting from a much lower base, saw the steepest proportional increase, rising from 15% in 2010 to 50% by 2020 — a more than threefold increase in a single decade.

Qué cambió:

«shows» → «illustrates»
«percentage» → «proportion»
«countries» → «nations»
«increased» (×4) → «rose», «surging», «climbed», «continued to rise»
Adverbios de intensidad añadidos: «significantly», «dramatically», «steadily», «considerably»
Lenguaje de comparación añadido: «surpassing», «followed a similar trajectory», «lagged behind»
Aproximación añadida: «approximately», «roughly», «around»
Párrafo general añadido que resume la tendencia principal

Vocabulario para practicar

Guarda estas palabras de alto impacto para la Tarea 1 en tu diccionario de Linglify. Haz clic en cualquier palabra para ver su definición completa y pronunciación.

valid

adjetivo