IELTS Writing Task 1 어휘: 차트, 그래프, 지도를 위한 필수 단어
IELTS Writing Task 1은 에세이가 아니라 자료 묘사입니다. 20분 동안 차트, 그래프, 표, 지도, 과정도를 최소 150단어로 설명해야 합니다. 필요한 어휘는 Task 2와 완전히 다릅니다. 의견이나 주장이 아니라 추세와 비교, 비율, 기간을 설명하는 표현이 필요합니다.
대부분의 응시자는 자료를 잘못 읽어서가 아니라 “increased”, “decreased”, “the chart shows”라는 세 가지 표현만 반복해 감점됩니다. 이 가이드에서는 Task 1에서 사용하는 방식에 맞춰 단어와 표현 150개 이상을 정리했습니다. Band 7~9에 필요한 정확성과 어휘 폭으로 어떤 유형의 차트든 설명할 수 있습니다.
- 총 어휘: 단어와 표현 150개 이상
- 구성: 기능별(추세, 비교, 비율, 차트 서론, 시간)
- 다루는 차트 유형: 선 그래프, 막대그래프, 원 그래프, 표, 지도, 과정도
- 추천 대상: IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, Band 6~9 준비
Task 1 어휘는 어떻게 채점되나요?
Task 1은 Task 2와 같은 네 가지 기준으로 평가하며, 각 기준은 25%를 차지합니다.
| 평가 기준 | Task 1에서의 의미 |
|---|---|
| Task Achievement | 주요 특징을 설명하고 비교했나요? |
| Coherence and Cohesion | 묘사가 논리적으로 구성되고 잘 연결되어 있나요? |
| Lexical Resource | 다양한 어휘를 정확하게 사용했나요? |
| Grammatical Range | 다양한 문장 구조를 사용했나요? |
어휘가 점수에 직접 영향을 주는 기준은 Lexical Resource입니다.
| Band | 채점관이 기대하는 점 |
|---|---|
| 5 | 어휘가 제한적이고 추세를 잘못 묘사하는 단어를 쓸 수 있으며 반복적임 |
| 6 | 어휘가 적절하고 덜 흔한 단어를 시도하지만 오류가 일부 있음 |
| 7 | 자료를 유연하게 묘사할 수 있을 만큼 어휘가 충분하며 문체를 의식해 덜 흔한 단어를 사용함 |
| 8 | 폭넓은 어휘를 자연스럽게 사용하고 오류가 드물며 단어 선택이 정확함 |
| 9 | 완전히 유연하고 정확하며 전문 보고서처럼 읽히는 글을 씀 |
Task 1에서 가장 큰 어휘 실수는 같은 표현을 반복하는 것입니다. “increased”를 네 번, “decreased”를 세 번 쓰면 자료를 아무리 정확히 설명해도 Band 6 이상을 받기 어렵습니다.
범주 1: 차트 소개하기
모든 Task 1 답변은 차트가 보여 주는 내용을 바꿔 말하는 것으로 시작합니다. 문제 문장을 그대로 옮기지 마세요. 채점관은 이를 감점합니다.
“The chart shows…” 대신 쓰는 동사
| 동사 | 격식 수준 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| illustrates | 격식체 | The line graph illustrates changes in unemployment rates over a 20-year period. |
| depicts | 격식체 | The bar chart depicts the number of tourists visiting five countries in 2024. |
| presents | 중립체 | The table presents a comparison of average salaries across four industries. |
| compares | 중립체 | The chart compares the percentage of households with internet access in three nations. |
| outlines | 격식체 | The diagram outlines the process of water purification. |
| provides information about | 중립체 | The graph provides information about energy consumption by sector. |
| gives a breakdown of | 중립체 | The pie chart gives a breakdown of government spending by category. |
차트 유형을 나타내는 명사
정확한 명사를 쓰세요. 모든 자료를 “the chart”라고 부르지 마세요.
| 차트 유형 | 명사구 |
|---|---|
| 선 그래프 | the line graph, the graph, the figure |
| 막대그래프 | the bar chart, the chart, the figure |
| 원 그래프 | the pie chart, the chart |
| 표 | the table, the data, the figures |
| 지도 | the two maps, the diagrams |
| 과정도 | the diagram, the flow chart, the figure |
서론에 쓰는 시간 표현
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| over a _-year period | …over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020. |
| between and | …between 2010 and 2025. |
| from to | …from January to December 2024. |
| during the period | …during the period shown. |
| in the year _ | …in the year 2023. |
서론 예시(Band 7 이상): The line graph illustrates the average monthly rainfall in three Asian cities over a 12-month period from January to December.
범주 2: 증가 추세 묘사하기
Task 1에서 가장 중요한 어휘 범주입니다. “올랐다”를 여러 가지 방식으로 표현해야 합니다.
동사(상승 움직임)
| 동사 | 강도 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| rose | 중간 | Sales rose from 200 to 350 units. |
| increased | 중간 | The number of students increased steadily. |
| grew | 중간 | The population grew by 15% over the decade. |
| climbed | 중간~강함 | Unemployment climbed to 8% in the third quarter. |
| surged | 강함 | Demand surged during the holiday season. |
| soared | 매우 강함 | House prices soared to record levels. |
| rocketed | 매우 강함 | Internet usage rocketed between 2000 and 2010. |
| jumped | 급격한 | Exports jumped by 25% in a single month. |
| doubled | 구체적인 변화 | The figure doubled from 500 to 1,000. |
| tripled | 구체적인 변화 | Revenue tripled in the space of five years. |
명사(상승 움직임)
| 명사 | 강도 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| a rise | 중간 | There was a rise in the number of applicants. |
| an increase | 중간 | The chart shows an increase of 20%. |
| growth | 중간 | The country experienced steady economic growth. |
| a surge | 강함 | There was a sharp surge in demand. |
| a jump | 급격한 | A sudden jump occurred in March. |
| a peak | 최고점 | The figure reached a peak of 450 in July. |
부사와 형용사(변화의 속도와 규모)
| 속도·규모 묘사 | 동사와 쓰는 부사 | 명사와 쓰는 형용사 |
|---|---|---|
| 작은 변화 | slightly, marginally | a slight, a marginal |
| 중간 정도 변화 | moderately, steadily | a moderate, a steady |
| 큰 변화 | significantly, considerably | a significant, a considerable |
| 빠른 변화 | sharply, rapidly, dramatically | a sharp, a rapid, a dramatic |
| 매우 빠른 변화 | steeply, exponentially | a steep, an exponential |
조합해서 쓰기:
- Sales rose sharply from 200 to 500. (동사 + 부사)
- There was a sharp rise from 200 to 500. (형용사 + 명사)
- The figure increased significantly, reaching 500 by December. (동사 + 부사)
범주 3: 감소 추세 묘사하기
동사(하락 움직임)
| 동사 | 강도 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| fell | 중간 | The temperature fell to below zero overnight. |
| decreased | 중간 | Exports decreased by 12% compared to the previous year. |
| declined | 중간 | The birth rate has declined steadily since 2010. |
| dropped | 중간~강함 | Attendance dropped sharply in the second quarter. |
| shrank | 중간 | The workforce shrank due to automation. |
| plummeted | 매우 강함 | Tourism numbers plummeted during the pandemic. |
| plunged | 매우 강함 | Share prices plunged after the announcement. |
| halved | 구체적인 변화 | The number of complaints halved within one year. |
| dipped | 작거나 일시적인 | Revenue dipped briefly in March before recovering. |
명사(하락 움직임)
| 명사 | 강도 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| a fall | 중간 | There was a fall of 15% in the third quarter. |
| a decrease | 중간 | The data shows a decrease in household spending. |
| a decline | 중간 | A steady decline is visible from 2015 onwards. |
| a drop | 중간~강함 | A sharp drop occurred between June and July. |
| a dip | 작거나 일시적인 | There was a slight dip in sales during the summer. |
| a low | 최저점 | The figure reached a low of 120 in February. |
범주 2에서 소개한 부사와 형용사를 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다. fell sharply, a dramatic decline, decreased slightly처럼 활용하세요.
범주 4: 안정과 변동 묘사하기
자료가 모두 오르거나 내리는 것은 아닙니다. 변화가 없는 선과 불안정한 움직임을 표현하는 어휘도 필요합니다.
안정(변화 없음)
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| remained stable at | The rate remained stable at approximately 5%. |
| stayed constant at | Prices stayed constant at $200 throughout the year. |
| leveled off at | After rising sharply, the figure leveled off at 300. |
| plateaued at | Growth plateaued at 3% between 2018 and 2022. |
| remained unchanged | The proportion of female employees remained unchanged. |
| held steady at | Interest rates held steady at 2.5%. |
| maintained the same level | Exports maintained the same level as the previous year. |
변동(상승과 하락)
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| fluctuated between and | The exchange rate fluctuated between 1.2 and 1.5. |
| varied considerably | Rainfall varied considerably from month to month. |
| experienced fluctuations | The stock price experienced significant fluctuations. |
| was erratic / volatile | Sales figures were erratic throughout the period. |
범주 5: 자료 비교하기
Task 1에서는 국가, 기간, 범주, 집단 간 비교가 거의 항상 필요합니다.
높은 수치 비교
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| was higher than | Spending on education was higher than spending on defense. |
| exceeded | Exports exceeded imports for the first time in 2019. |
| was the highest | Japan had the highest internet usage rate at 92%. |
| surpassed | Renewable energy surpassed coal as the primary source. |
| outnumbered | Female graduates outnumbered male graduates by 2 to 1. |
| accounted for the largest share | Housing accounted for the largest share of expenditure. |
낮은 수치 비교
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| was lower than | The average salary was lower than the national median. |
| was the lowest | Country C had the lowest GDP per capita. |
| fell behind | Rural areas fell behind urban areas in internet access. |
| accounted for the smallest proportion | Transport accounted for the smallest proportion of spending. |
비슷한 수치 비교
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| was similar to | Male and female participation rates were similar. |
| was comparable to | The 2020 figure was comparable to that of 2015. |
| was almost the same as | Spending on food was almost the same as spending on transport. |
| was roughly equal to | The number of imports was roughly equal to exports. |
대조 표현
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| whereas | Japan had a rate of 92%, whereas India had only 34%. |
| while | While exports rose, imports declined sharply. |
| in contrast | Spending on education grew. In contrast, defense spending fell. |
| compared to / compared with | The figure was 45% in 2020, compared to only 12% in 2000. |
| by contrast | Urban areas grew rapidly. By contrast, rural populations shrank. |
| on the other hand | Europe saw growth. On the other hand, Africa experienced a decline. |
범주 6: 비율과 수량 묘사하기
원 그래프와 표에서 꼭 필요한 표현입니다.
| 표현 | 대략적인 범위 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| the vast majority of | 80~95% | The vast majority of respondents preferred option A. |
| the majority of | 50~80% | The majority of students chose science subjects. |
| over half / more than half | 50~65% | Over half of the budget was allocated to salaries. |
| a significant proportion of | 30~50% | A significant proportion of energy came from coal. |
| around a third / roughly a third | 약 33% | Roughly a third of the population lived in urban areas. |
| a quarter / approximately a quarter | 약 25% | A quarter of all exports went to China. |
| a small minority of | 5~15% | A small minority of households had no internet access. |
| a negligible proportion of | 5% 미만 | A negligible proportion of energy came from solar power. |
대략적인 수치를 나타내는 단어
| 단어 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| approximately / roughly | Approximately 45% of students passed. |
| around / about | Around 30 million tourists visited annually. |
| just over / just under | Just over 60% of respondents agreed. |
| nearly / almost | Nearly 90% of households had internet access. |
| exactly / precisely | The figure was exactly 50%. |
범주 7: 지도와 과정도 어휘
지도와 과정도에는 데이터 차트와 다른 어휘가 필요합니다. 많은 응시자가 그래프 어휘를 이 문제 유형에 그대로 적용해 감점을 받습니다.
지도 — 변화 묘사
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| was replaced by | The farmland was replaced by a shopping center. |
| was converted into | The warehouse was converted into apartments. |
| was demolished / was knocked down | The old factory was demolished to make way for a park. |
| was constructed / was built | A new bridge was constructed across the river. |
| was extended / was expanded | The road was extended to connect the two villages. |
| was relocated to | The hospital was relocated to the outskirts of town. |
| remained unchanged | The church in the center remained unchanged. |
| underwent significant development | The area to the east underwent significant development. |
지도 — 위치 묘사
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| to the north / south / east / west of | A park was built to the north of the river. |
| in the center of | The town hall is located in the center of the map. |
| adjacent to / next to | The new school was built adjacent to the library. |
| on the outskirts of | A new housing estate was developed on the outskirts. |
| along the coast / riverbank | Hotels were constructed along the coast. |
| in the northeast / southwest corner | A factory appeared in the northeast corner. |
과정도 — 순서 표현
| 표현 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| in the first stage / step | In the first stage, raw materials are collected. |
| then / next / subsequently | The mixture is then heated to 100°C. |
| following this / after this | Following this, the liquid is filtered. |
| at this point / at this stage | At this stage, quality checks are performed. |
| finally / in the final stage | Finally, the finished product is packaged for distribution. |
| the process begins with | The process begins with the extraction of raw materials. |
| once _ is complete | Once filtration is complete, the water enters the storage tank. |
비교해 보기: Task 1 답변 전체
문제
The line graph below shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020.
Band 5 답변
The chart shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, Japan had 30%, the USA had 40%, and India had 5%. The internet access increased in all three countries. Japan increased to 95%, the USA increased to 90%, and India increased to 50%. Japan had the highest percentage in 2020. India had the lowest percentage. The internet access increased a lot in all countries.
문제점: “increased”를 네 번 사용했고, 문제의 “shows”를 그대로 옮겼으며, “a lot”은 모호합니다. 비교 표현과 부사도 없습니다.
Band 7 이상 답변
The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet connectivity in Japan, the USA, and India over a two-decade period from 2000 to 2020.
Overall, internet access rose significantly in all three nations, with Japan achieving the highest penetration rate by the end of the period.
In 2000, the USA led with approximately 40% of households connected, followed by Japan at 30%, while India lagged considerably behind at just 5%. Over the next decade, Japan experienced the most dramatic growth, surging from 30% to around 80%, thereby surpassing the USA, which climbed more steadily to 75%.
Between 2010 and 2020, Japan’s figure continued to rise, reaching a peak of 95%. The USA followed a similar trajectory, plateauing at roughly 90% by 2018. India, although starting from a much lower base, saw the steepest proportional increase, rising from 15% in 2010 to 50% by 2020 — a more than threefold increase in a single decade.
달라진 점:
- “shows” → “illustrates”
- “percentage” → “proportion”
- “countries” → “nations”
- “increased”(4회) → “rose”, “surging”, “climbed”, “continued to rise”
- 강도를 나타내는 부사를 추가함: “significantly”, “dramatically”, “steadily”, “considerably”
- 비교 표현을 추가함: “surpassing”, “followed a similar trajectory”, “lagged behind”
- 대략적인 수치를 나타내는 표현을 추가함: “approximately”, “roughly”, “around”
- 주요 추세를 요약하는 전체 개요 문장을 추가함
연습할 어휘
영향력이 큰 Task 1 단어를 Linglify 사전에 저장하세요. 단어를 클릭하면 전체 정의와 발음을 확인할 수 있습니다.
valid
형용사
-
예문
- Valid argument supports logical reasoning and conclusion.
- Valid passport allows international travel without problems.
flexible
형용사
-
예문
- Flexible working arrangements help employees balance work and family life.
- The flexible plastic tube can bend without breaking or cracking.
transmit
동사
-
예문
- Disease may transmit through contact with surfaces.
- Satellites transmit signals across vast distances effectively.
executive
형용사
-
예문
- Executive decisions require careful consideration of multiple factors and consequences.
- The executive branch of government is responsible for implementing laws.
finance
동사
-
예문
- Many students need loans to finance their college education expenses.
- The bank agreed to finance the construction of the new shopping center.
culmination
명사
-
예문
- The graduation ceremony was the culmination of four years of hard study.
- Winning the championship represented the culmination of the team's efforts.
gulp
동사
-
예문
- She had to gulp nervously before giving her presentation to the board.
- The thirsty runner gulped down an entire bottle of cold water.
tribe
명사
-
예문
- Ancient tribe lived in harmony with nature.
- Indigenous tribe preserves traditional customs and languages.
cherished
형용사
-
예문
- His cherished dream of becoming a pilot finally came true.
- The old photograph was her most cherished possession from childhood.
fate
명사
-
예문
- She believes that fate brought them together at the right moment.
- The explorer's fate remained unknown after he disappeared in the jungle.
territory
명사
-
예문
- Animal territory provides food and shelter resources.
- National territory requires protection from foreign invasion.
payable
동사
-
예문
- All dues are payable at the end of the month.
- The invoice is payable within 30 days.
serenity
형용사
-
예문
- She maintained her serenity despite the chaos.
- The serenity of the lake was calming.
classy
명사
-
예문
- Classy restaurant serves gourmet food in elegant dining atmosphere.
- Her classy appearance impressed everyone at formal business meeting.
revolt
동사
-
예문
- A revolt broke out in the city center last night.
- The workers decided to revolt against the unfair conditions.
rethink
명사
-
예문
- He decided to rethink his position on the issue.
- We need to rethink our strategy for the project.
gypsy
형용사
-
예문
- Traditional gypsy music features violin and passionate vocals.
- Wandering gypsy caravan traveled through European countryside.
buffoon
형용사
-
예문
- Court buffoon entertained royal family with silly performances.
- Don't act like buffoon during important business presentation.
execution
명사
-
예문
- Perfect execution of the dance routine impressed judges and audience members.
- The execution of the business plan requires careful coordination and timing.
spellbound
형용사
-
예문
- Audience sits spellbound during magical performance tonight.
- Children remain spellbound by storyteller's fascinating tales.
pet
형용사
-
예문
- Pet project receives extra attention and resources.
- Pet theory explains professor's research focus area.
master
명사
-
예문
- Apprentices learn traditional crafts from experienced master craftsmen.
- The chess master defeated opponents using brilliant strategic moves.
salvage
명사
-
예문
- Antique dealer specializes in salvage from demolished buildings.
- Divers recovered valuable salvage from sunken merchant ship.
Task 1 어휘 연습 전략
1. 매일 차트 하나씩 묘사하세요. Cambridge, British Council, IDP 등에서 IELTS 연습 차트를 찾아 150단어로 설명하세요. 변화에 대해 말할 때마다 다른 추세 동사를 쓰는 데 집중하세요.
2. 핵심 개념별 동의어 묶음을 만드세요. 다음 다섯 묶음을 카드에 적고 매일 복습하세요.
- went up: rose, increased, grew, climbed, surged, soared, rocketed
- went down: fell, decreased, declined, dropped, plummeted, dipped
- stayed the same: remained stable, held steady, leveled off, plateaued
- the chart shows: illustrates, depicts, presents, compares, outlines
- approximately: roughly, around, about, nearly, just over/under
3. 명사와 형용사 형태도 연습하세요. 사용한 추세 동사마다 명사형을 써서 같은 문장을 다시 작성하세요. “Sales rose sharply“ → “There was a sharp rise in sales.” 어휘 폭이 바로 두 배로 넓어집니다.
4. 시간을 재세요. 실제 시험에서는 Task 1에 20분이 주어집니다. 시간에 쫓기며 쓰는 연습을 하세요. 긴장을 풀고 공부할 때와 압박 속에서 어휘를 떠올릴 때는 다릅니다.
전체 어휘 학습 체계는 어휘력 향상 가이드를 읽어 보세요.
다음에 할 일
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IELTS 어휘 단어장을 만드세요. Task 1 단어를 Linglify 사전에 추가하세요.
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다음으로 Task 2 어휘를 익히세요. Writing Task 1과 Task 2에는 서로 다른 단어 묶음이 필요합니다. 의견, 대조, 학술 어휘를 다루는 IELTS Writing Task 2 어휘 가이드를 읽어 보세요.
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바꿔 말하기를 익히세요. 서론에서는 문제를 바꿔 써야 합니다. 응시자가 많이 반복하는 단어를 중심으로 동의어 200개 이상을 정리한 IELTS 동의어 가이드를 참고하세요.
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IELTS 전체 가이드를 읽으세요. Writing, Speaking, Reading, Listening 네 영역의 어휘는 IELTS 어휘 완전 가이드에서 확인하세요.
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전반적인 어휘력을 키우세요. 일반 어휘력이 넓으면 Task 1 묘사도 더 자연스러워집니다. 단계별 학습 체계는 영어 어휘 학습법에서 알아보세요.
자주 묻는 질문
IELTS Writing Task 1에서 가장 중요한 어휘는 무엇인가요?
증가, 감소, 안정, 변동을 묘사하는 추세 어휘입니다. Task 1 답변에서 쓰는 표현의 60~70%가 이에 해당합니다. 그다음으로 중요한 범주는 비교 표현(whereas, in contrast, surpassed)과 대략적인 수치를 나타내는 말(approximately, roughly, nearly)입니다.
Task 1 답변은 몇 단어로 써야 하나요?
최소 150단어이며, Band 7 이상 답변 대부분은 170~190단어입니다. 200단어를 크게 넘기면 Task 2는 점수가 두 배로 반영되는데 거기에 쓸 시간이 부족해질 수 있습니다. 분량보다 질과 정확성에 집중하세요.
차트에 있는 숫자를 전부 넣어야 하나요?
아니요. 가장 높거나 낮은 값, 시작점과 끝점, 눈에 띄는 변곡점 등 중요한 자료를 선택하세요. 채점관은 모든 숫자를 나열하는 능력이 아니라 핵심 특징을 파악하는 능력을 평가합니다.
“overview” 문단이란 무엇이며 왜 중요한가요?
전체 개요는 주요 추세나 특징을 요약한 한두 문장으로, 서론 다음이자 세부 설명 앞에 씁니다. Band 7 이상에서 필수입니다. 개요가 없으면 Task Achievement에서 Band 6을 넘길 수 없습니다. 예: “Overall, internet access rose significantly in all three nations, with Japan achieving the highest penetration rate.”
Task 1 어휘는 Task 2와 다른가요?
네, 상당히 다릅니다. Task 1에는 자료 설명 어휘(추세, 비율, 비교)가 필요하고 Task 2에는 의견과 주장 어휘(contend, advocate, consequently)가 필요합니다. “significant”, “illustrate”처럼 겹치는 단어도 있지만 핵심 단어 묶음은 서로 다릅니다. 두 영역을 모두 공부하세요. 에세이 전용 단어는 Task 2 어휘 가이드에서 다룹니다.
원 그래프와 선 그래프는 어떻게 다르게 묘사하나요?
원 그래프에는 “accounted for”, “comprised”, “the majority of”, “a quarter”와 같은 비율·백분율 어휘가 필요합니다. 선 그래프에는 “rose”, “fell”, “fluctuated”, “peaked” 같은 추세 어휘가 필요합니다. 표에서는 “the highest”, “exceeded”, “was comparable to” 등 비교 표현을 사용합니다. 차트 종류에 맞춰 어휘를 선택하는 것이 Band 7 이상 글쓰기의 특징입니다.
