Preparação para Exames

Vocabulário IELTS Writing Task 1: Palavras Essenciais para Gráficos e Mapas

#IELTS #Writing #Vocabulário #Task 1

O IELTS Writing Task 1 não é uma redação — é uma descrição de dados. Você tem 20 minutos para descrever um gráfico, tabela, mapa ou diagrama de processo em pelo menos 150 palavras. O vocabulário que você precisa é completamente diferente do Task 2. Em vez de opiniões e argumentos, você precisa de palavras para tendências, comparações, proporções e períodos de tempo.

A maioria dos candidatos perde pontos aqui não porque interpretou mal os dados, mas porque os descreve usando as mesmas três palavras: “increased,” “decreased” e “the chart shows.” Este guia oferece 150+ palavras e frases organizadas exatamente pela forma como você as usa no Task 1.

Total de vocabulário: 150+ palavras e frases
Organizado por: função (tendências, comparações, proporções, introduções de gráficos, tempo)
Tipos de gráficos cobertos: gráficos de linhas, gráficos de barras, gráficos de pizza, tabelas, mapas, diagramas de processo
Ideal para: IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, preparação para Banda 6–9

Como o Vocabulário É Avaliado no Task 1

O Task 1 usa os mesmos quatro critérios do Task 2, cada um valendo 25%:

Critério	O que Significa para o Task 1
Task Achievement	Você descreveu os recursos principais e fez comparações?
Coherence and Cohesion	Sua descrição está logicamente organizada e bem conectada?
Lexical Resource	Você usou uma variedade de vocabulário com precisão?
Grammatical Range	Você usou uma variedade de estruturas de frase?

Banda	O que os Examinadores Esperam
5	Vocabulário limitado; pode usar a palavra errada para tendências; repetitivo
6	Vocabulário adequado; tenta palavras menos comuns mas com alguns erros
7	Variedade suficiente para descrever dados com flexibilidade; usa vocabulário menos comum
8	Ampla variedade usada naturalmente; erros raros; escolha precisa de palavras
9	Flexibilidade e precisão totais; a escrita parece um relatório profissional

O maior erro de vocabulário no Task 1 é a repetição. Se você escrever “increased” quatro vezes e “decreased” três vezes, estará limitado à Banda 6, independentemente da precisão da sua descrição.

Cinco tipos de gráficos com suas categorias de vocabulário correspondentes

Categoria 1: Introduzindo o Gráfico

Toda resposta do Task 1 começa parafraseando o que o gráfico mostra. Nunca copie as palavras da pergunta.

Verbos para “The chart shows…” (O gráfico mostra…)

Verbo	Formalidade	Exemplo
illustrates	formal	The line graph illustrates changes in unemployment rates over a 20-year period.
depicts	formal	The bar chart depicts the number of tourists visiting five countries in 2024.
presents	neutro	The table presents a comparison of average salaries across four industries.
compares	neutro	The chart compares the percentage of households with internet access in three nations.
outlines	formal	The diagram outlines the process of water purification.
provides information about	neutro	The graph provides information about energy consumption by sector.
gives a breakdown of	neutro	The pie chart gives a breakdown of government spending by category.

Substantivos para Tipos de Gráficos

Tipo de Gráfico	Frases Substantivas
Gráfico de linhas	the line graph, the graph, the figure
Gráfico de barras	the bar chart, the chart, the figure
Gráfico de pizza	the pie chart, the chart
Tabela	the table, the data, the figures
Mapa	the two maps, the diagrams
Processo	the diagram, the flow chart, the figure

Expressões de Tempo para a Introdução

Expressão	Exemplo
over a _-year period	…over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020.
between *and*	…between 2010 and 2025.
from to	…from January to December 2024.
during the period	…during the period shown.
in the year _	…in the year 2023.

Exemplo de introdução (Banda 7+): The line graph illustrates the average monthly rainfall in three Asian cities over a 12-month period from January to December.

Categoria 2: Descrevendo Tendências de Alta

Esta é a categoria de vocabulário mais importante para o Task 1. Você precisa de múltiplas formas de dizer “subiu.”

Verbos (Movimento Ascendente)

Verbo	Intensidade	Exemplo
rose	moderada	Sales rose from 200 to 350 units.
increased	moderada	The number of students increased steadily.
grew	moderada	The population grew by 15% over the decade.
climbed	moderada–forte	Unemployment climbed to 8% in the third quarter.
surged	forte	Demand surged during the holiday season.
soared	muito forte	House prices soared to record levels.
rocketed	muito forte	Internet usage rocketed between 2000 and 2010.
jumped	súbita	Exports jumped by 25% in a single month.
doubled	específica	The figure doubled from 500 to 1,000.
tripled	específica	Revenue tripled in the space of five years.

Substantivos (Movimento Ascendente)

Substantivo	Intensidade	Exemplo
a rise	moderada	There was a rise in the number of applicants.
an increase	moderada	The chart shows an increase of 20%.
growth	moderada	The country experienced steady economic growth.
a surge	forte	There was a sharp surge in demand.
a jump	súbita	A sudden jump occurred in March.
a peak	máximo	The figure reached a peak of 450 in July.

Advérbios e Adjetivos (Velocidade e Tamanho)

Descrevendo Velocidade/Tamanho	Advérbio (com verbo)	Adjetivo (com substantivo)
Pequena mudança	slightly, marginally	a slight, a marginal
Mudança moderada	moderately, steadily	a moderate, a steady
Grande mudança	significantly, considerably	a significant, a considerable
Mudança rápida	sharply, rapidly, dramatically	a sharp, a rapid, a dramatic
Mudança muito rápida	steeply, exponentially	a steep, an exponential

Combinando:

Sales rose sharply from 200 to 500. (verbo + advérbio)
There was a sharp rise from 200 to 500. (adjetivo + substantivo)

Escala de intensidade do vocabulário de tendências de leve a dramático

Categoria 3: Descrevendo Tendências de Queda

Verbos (Movimento Descendente)

Verbo	Intensidade	Exemplo
fell	moderada	The temperature fell to below zero overnight.
decreased	moderada	Exports decreased by 12% compared to the previous year.
declined	moderada	The birth rate has declined steadily since 2010.
dropped	moderada–forte	Attendance dropped sharply in the second quarter.
shrank	moderada	The workforce shrank due to automation.
plummeted	muito forte	Tourism numbers plummeted during the pandemic.
plunged	muito forte	Share prices plunged after the announcement.
halved	específica	The number of complaints halved within one year.
dipped	leve/temporária	Revenue dipped briefly in March before recovering.

Substantivos (Movimento Descendente)

Substantivo	Intensidade	Exemplo
a fall	moderada	There was a fall of 15% in the third quarter.
a decrease	moderada	The data shows a decrease in household spending.
a decline	moderada	A steady decline is visible from 2015 onwards.
a drop	moderada–forte	A sharp drop occurred between June and July.
a dip	leve/temporária	There was a slight dip in sales during the summer.
a low	mínimo	The figure reached a low of 120 in February.

Categoria 4: Descrevendo Estabilidade e Flutuação

Estabilidade (Sem Mudança)

Expressão	Exemplo
remained stable at	The rate remained stable at approximately 5%.
stayed constant at	Prices stayed constant at $200 throughout the year.
leveled off at	After rising sharply, the figure leveled off at 300.
plateaued at	Growth plateaued at 3% between 2018 and 2022.
remained unchanged	The proportion of female employees remained unchanged.
held steady at	Interest rates held steady at 2.5%.
maintained the same level	Exports maintained the same level as the previous year.

Flutuação (Para Cima e Para Baixo)

Expressão	Exemplo
fluctuated between *and*	The exchange rate fluctuated between 1.2 and 1.5.
varied considerably	Rainfall varied considerably from month to month.
experienced fluctuations	The stock price experienced significant fluctuations.
was erratic / volatile	Sales figures were erratic throughout the period.

Categoria 5: Comparando Dados

Comparando Valores Maiores

Expressão	Exemplo
was higher than	Spending on education was higher than spending on defense.
exceeded	Exports exceeded imports for the first time in 2019.
was the highest	Japan had the highest internet usage rate at 92%.
surpassed	Renewable energy surpassed coal as the primary source.
outnumbered	Female graduates outnumbered male graduates by 2 to 1.
accounted for the largest share	Housing accounted for the largest share of expenditure.

Comparando Valores Menores

Expressão	Exemplo
was lower than	The average salary was lower than the national median.
was the lowest	Country C had the lowest GDP per capita.
fell behind	Rural areas fell behind urban areas in internet access.
accounted for the smallest proportion	Transport accounted for the smallest proportion of spending.

Comparando Valores Similares

Expressão	Exemplo
was similar to	Male and female participation rates were similar.
was comparable to	The 2020 figure was comparable to that of 2015.
was almost the same as	Spending on food was almost the same as spending on transport.
was roughly equal to	The number of imports was roughly equal to exports.

Frases de Contraste

Expressão	Exemplo
whereas	Japan had a rate of 92%, whereas India had only 34%.
while	While exports rose, imports declined sharply.
in contrast	Spending on education grew. In contrast, defense spending fell.
compared to / compared with	The figure was 45% in 2020, compared to only 12% in 2000.
by contrast	Urban areas grew rapidly. By contrast, rural populations shrank.
on the other hand	Europe saw growth. On the other hand, Africa experienced a decline.

Categoria 6: Descrevendo Proporções e Quantidades

Essencial para gráficos de pizza e tabelas.

Expressão	Faixa Aproximada	Exemplo
the vast majority of	80–95%	The vast majority of respondents preferred option A.
the majority of	50–80%	The majority of students chose science subjects.
over half / more than half	50–65%	Over half of the budget was allocated to salaries.
a significant proportion of	30–50%	A significant proportion of energy came from coal.
around a third / roughly a third	~33%	Roughly a third of the population lived in urban areas.
a quarter / approximately a quarter	~25%	A quarter of all exports went to China.
a small minority of	5–15%	A small minority of households had no internet access.
a negligible proportion of	<5%	A negligible proportion of energy came from solar power.

Palavras de Aproximação

Palavra	Exemplo
approximately / roughly	Approximately 45% of students passed.
around / about	Around 30 million tourists visited annually.
just over / just under	Just over 60% of respondents agreed.
nearly / almost	Nearly 90% of households had internet access.
exactly / precisely	The figure was exactly 50%.

Categoria 7: Vocabulário para Mapas e Diagramas de Processo

Mapas — Descrevendo Mudanças

Expressão	Exemplo
was replaced by	The farmland was replaced by a shopping center.
was converted into	The warehouse was converted into apartments.
was demolished / was knocked down	The old factory was demolished to make way for a park.
was constructed / was built	A new bridge was constructed across the river.
was extended / was expanded	The road was extended to connect the two villages.
was relocated to	The hospital was relocated to the outskirts of town.
remained unchanged	The church in the center remained unchanged.
underwent significant development	The area to the east underwent significant development.

Mapas — Descrevendo Localização

Expressão	Exemplo
to the north / south / east / west of	A park was built to the north of the river.
in the center of	The town hall is located in the center of the map.
adjacent to / next to	The new school was built adjacent to the library.
on the outskirts of	A new housing estate was developed on the outskirts.
along the coast / riverbank	Hotels were constructed along the coast.
in the northeast / southwest corner	A factory appeared in the northeast corner.

Diagramas de Processo — Sequenciamento

Expressão	Exemplo
in the first stage / step	In the first stage, raw materials are collected.
then / next / subsequently	The mixture is then heated to 100°C.
following this / after this	Following this, the liquid is filtered.
at this point / at this stage	At this stage, quality checks are performed.
finally / in the final stage	Finally, the finished product is packaged for distribution.
the process begins with	The process begins with the extraction of raw materials.
once _ is complete	Once filtration is complete, the water enters the storage tank.

Antes e Depois: Resposta Completa do Task 1

Versão Banda 5

The chart shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, Japan had 30%, the USA had 40%, and India had 5%. The internet access increased in all three countries. Japan increased to 95%, the USA increased to 90%, and India increased to 50%. Japan had the highest percentage in 2020. India had the lowest percentage. The internet access increased a lot in all countries.

Problemas: “increased” usado 4 vezes, “shows” copiado da pergunta, “a lot” é vago, sem linguagem de comparação, sem advérbios.

Versão Banda 7+

The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet connectivity in Japan, the USA, and India over a two-decade period from 2000 to 2020.

Overall, internet access rose significantly in all three nations, with Japan achieving the highest penetration rate by the end of the period.

In 2000, the USA led with approximately 40% of households connected, followed by Japan at 30%, while India lagged considerably behind at just 5%. Over the next decade, Japan experienced the most dramatic growth, surging from 30% to around 80%, thereby surpassing the USA, which climbed more steadily to 75%.

Between 2010 and 2020, Japan’s figure continued to rise, reaching a peak of 95%. The USA followed a similar trajectory, plateauing at roughly 90% by 2018. India, although starting from a much lower base, saw the steepest proportional increase, rising from 15% in 2010 to 50% by 2020 — a more than threefold increase in a single decade.

O que mudou:

“shows” → “illustrates”
“percentage” → “proportion”
“countries” → “nations”
“increased” (×4) → “rose,” “surging,” “climbed,” “continued to rise”
Advérbios de intensidade adicionados: “significantly,” “dramatically,” “steadily,” “considerably”
Linguagem de comparação adicionada: “surpassing,” “followed a similar trajectory,” “lagged behind”
Aproximação adicionada: “approximately,” “roughly,” “around”
Declaração geral adicionada resumindo a tendência principal

Vocabulário para Praticar

valid

adjetivo