英語詞性:完整清單與例句
詞彙學習

英語詞性:完整清單與例句

#詞性 #英語語法 #單字類型 #名詞 #動詞 #形容詞 #副詞
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每個英語單字至少屬於一種詞性。無論你是閱讀新聞文章、撰寫電子郵件還是參加考試,你遇到的每個句子都由相同的八個類別構成:名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、連接詞和感嘆詞。理解詞性不只是語法練習——它是系統性建立詞彙並正確使用單字的關鍵。

大多數學習者把詞彙作為孤立的項目學習:一個單字、一個定義、也許一個例句。但知道一個單字屬於哪種詞性可以告訴你它的行為方式——它在句子中的位置、它與哪些單字組合,以及如何改變它的形式。「Success」是名詞;「succeed」是動詞;「successful」是形容詞;「successfully」是副詞。相同的詞根,句子中四種不同的功能。

本指南涵蓋:

  • 英語所有8種詞性,附清晰定義和例子
  • 每個類別按程度和頻率分類的單字清單
  • 如何在任何句子中識別詞性
  • 詞性如何幫助你更快建立詞彙
  • 動詞、形容詞、副詞等詳細單字清單的鏈接

什麼是詞性?

詞性是按單字在句子中的功能對其進行分類的類別。英語有八種:

詞性 功能 例子
名詞 命名人、地、物或想法 The team won the game.
動詞 表達動作或狀態 She runs every morning.
形容詞 描述名詞 That was a difficult exam.
副詞 修飾動詞、形容詞或另一個副詞 He speaks fluently.
代詞 代替名詞 They arrived early.
介詞 顯示單字之間的關係 The book is on the table.
連接詞 連接單字、短語或子句 I studied and passed.
感嘆詞 表達情感 Wow, that was fast!

這八個類別適用於英語中的每個單字。某些單字根據語境屬於多個類別——「run」可以是動詞(「I run daily」)或名詞(「a morning run」)。

英語中的八種詞性,每個類別附例子

名詞:構建基石

名詞是最常見的詞性。它們命名人、地、物、想法和概念。

名詞的類型

類型 命名什麼 例子
普通名詞 一般事物 city, teacher, idea, computer
專有名詞 特定名稱(大寫) London, Dr. Smith, Monday, Toyota
抽象名詞 你無法觸摸的事物 freedom, happiness, knowledge, courage
具體名詞 你可以用感官感知的事物 table, music, rain, chocolate
可數名詞 可以計數的 book/books, apple/apples, idea/ideas
不可數名詞 無法計數的 water, information, furniture, advice
集合名詞 群體 team, family, audience, committee

如何識別名詞

名詞通常:

  • 出現在冠詞後:a report, the meeting, an idea
  • 出現在形容詞後:a new report, the important meeting
  • 可以變成複數:report → reports, idea → ideas
  • 可以在前面加所有格:my suggestion, their decision

按程度分類的高頻名詞

A1-A2(初學者): name, time, day, year, people, way, man, woman, child, world, life, hand, part, place, week

B1-B2(中級): environment, government, development, experience, opportunity, community, relationship, responsibility, technology, education, situation

C1-C2(進階): infrastructure, paradigm, phenomenon, implication, bureaucracy, jurisdiction, pragmatism, sustainability, accountability, methodology, discourse

在Linglify練習名詞詞彙

動詞:動作詞

動詞是每個句子的引擎。沒有動詞,任何英語句子都不完整。它們表達動作(run, write, build)、狀態(be, seem, exist)和發生(happen, become, change)。

動詞的類型

類型 功能 例子
動作動詞 身體或心理動作 write, think, run, calculate
狀態動詞 狀態,非動作 know, believe, own, prefer
連繫動詞 連接主語和描述 be, seem, appear, become, feel
助動詞 幫助主動詞 have (eaten), is (running), do (not go)
情態動詞 表達可能性、能力、許可 can, could, may, might, should, must
片語動詞 動詞+助詞,具有新含義 give up, look after, carry out

每個學習者需要的動詞形式

原形 第三人稱 過去式 過去分詞 現在分詞
work works worked worked working
write writes wrote written writing
go goes went gone going
begin begins began begun beginning

查看完整不規則動詞清單:200個動詞附過去形式

按程度分類的高頻動詞

A1-A2(初學者): be, have, do, say, go, get, make, know, think, take, see, come, want, look, use, find, give, tell, work, call

B1-B2(中級): achieve, consider, develop, establish, indicate, maintain, obtain, produce, require, suggest, involve, assume, contribute, demonstrate, generate

C1-C2(進階): undermine, scrutinize, encompass, exacerbate, facilitate, substantiate, alleviate, perpetuate, consolidate, elicit, stipulate, supersede, transcend, corroborate

閱讀完整英語動詞清單:300個最重要的動詞

片語動詞是給學習者帶來最多麻煩的特殊類別。它們將動詞與一個或兩個助詞組合,創造出全新的含義:「look up」(查詢信息)與向上看無關。我們的片語動詞指南涵蓋300+按基本動詞分類的片語動詞。

形容詞:描述詞

形容詞修飾名詞。它們回答「什麼類型?」「多少?」和「哪一個?」這樣的問題。

形容詞的類型

類型 功能 例子
描述性 描述品質 tall, beautiful, expensive, interesting
數量性 表示數量 many, few, several, enough, some
指示性 指向特定名詞 this, that, these, those
所有格 顯示所有權 my, your, his, her, their, our
疑問性 提問 which, what, whose
比較級 比較兩件事 taller, more expensive, better
最高級 表示極端 tallest, most expensive, best

形容詞順序

當多個形容詞描述同一個名詞時,英語有固定的順序:

觀點 → 大小 → 年齡 → 形狀 → 顏色 → 起源 → 材料 → 用途

位置 類別 例子
1 觀點 beautiful, ugly, amazing
2 大小 big, small, tiny, enormous
3 年齡 old, new, young, ancient
4 形狀 round, flat, rectangular
5 顏色 red, blue, dark, bright
6 起源 British, Japanese, European
7 材料 wooden, metal, cotton, glass
8 用途 cooking(pot), sleeping(bag)

所以你說「a beautiful large old round brown Italian wooden dining table」——永遠不會以任何其他順序。

按程度分類的高頻形容詞

A1-A2(初學者): good, new, big, small, long, old, young, different, important, possible, last, first, next, early, great, little, high, free, right, sure

B1-B2(中級): available, significant, appropriate, effective, relevant, essential, substantial, consistent, comprehensive, fundamental, competitive, sufficient, legitimate

C1-C2(進階): ubiquitous, ostensible, unprecedented, innocuous, pejorative, idiosyncratic, perfunctory, unequivocal, recalcitrant, ephemeral, quintessential

閱讀完整500個英語形容詞清單:從基礎到進階

副詞:修飾語

副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。它們回答「如何?」「何時?」「在哪裡?」「多頻繁?」和「程度如何?」

副詞的類型

類型 問題 例子
方式 如何? quickly, carefully, fluently, well
時間 何時? now, yesterday, soon, already, recently
地點 在哪裡? here, there, everywhere, outside, nearby
頻率 多頻繁? always, usually, sometimes, rarely, never
程度 多少? very, extremely, quite, fairly, barely
句子 說話者的態度是什麼? fortunately, obviously, apparently, frankly

副詞構成

大多數副詞通過在形容詞上添加-ly形成:

形容詞 副詞
quick quickly
careful carefully
comfortable comfortably
easy easily

但一些最常見的副詞是不規則的:

形容詞 副詞 常見錯誤
good well “She speaks English goodly” → “She speaks English well
fast fast “He runs fastly” → “He runs fast
hard hard “She works hardly” → “She works hard“(hardly = 幾乎不)
late late “He arrived lately” → “He arrived late“(lately = 最近)

按程度分類的高頻副詞

A1-A2(初學者): very, also, often, always, sometimes, never, here, there, now, today, already, still, just, really, well, too, only, then, again, enough

B1-B2(中級): significantly, approximately, essentially, increasingly, primarily, consequently, furthermore, specifically, relatively, inevitably, typically, ultimately

C1-C2(進階): ostensibly, inadvertently, unequivocally, paradoxically, categorically, indiscriminately, exponentially, disproportionately

閱讀完整英語副詞清單:200+按類別分類的單字

代詞:替代詞

代詞代替名詞以避免重複。代替說「Sarah said Sarah would bring Sarah’s laptop to Sarah’s office」,我們說「Sarah said she would bring her laptop to her office。」

代詞的類型

類型 功能 例子
人稱 代替特定人/物 I, you, he, she, it, we, they
賓語 接受動作 me, you, him, her, it, us, them
所有格 顯示所有權 mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
反身 指回主語 myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves
指示 指向特定事物 this, that, these, those
關係 連接子句 who, whom, which, that, whose
疑問 提問 who, what, which, whom, whose
不定 指非特定事物 someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, each, both

代詞參考表

主語 賓語 所有格形容詞 所有格代詞 反身
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its itself
we us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves

常見代詞錯誤

  • it’s vs its:「it’s」= 「it is」或「it has」。「Its」= 屬於它的。「The company changed its name.」
  • who vs whom:「who」= 主語。「Whom」= 賓語。「Who called?」vs「To whom did you speak?」
  • they(單數):在現代英語中,「they」被廣泛接受為性別未知的人的單數代詞。

介詞:連接詞

介詞顯示單字之間的關係——通常是時間、地點、方向或方式方面的。它們是具有巨大影響的小單字:將「on」改為「in」或「at」會完全改變含義。

按類別分類的介詞

時間:

介詞 用法 例子
at 特定時間 at 3 PM, at midnight, at noon
on 日期和日子 on Monday, on July 4th, on my birthday
in 月份、年份、季節、一天的部分 in March, in 2026, in summer, in the morning
by 截止日期 by Friday, by next week
since 從過去某點開始 since 2020, since Monday
for 持續時間 for three hours, for a long time

地點:

介詞 用法 例子
at 特定地點 at the airport, at home, at the corner
on 表面或線條 on the table, on the wall, on Main Street
in 封閉空間 in the room, in Tokyo, in a box
between 兩個參考點之間 between the bank and the post office
among 群體內 among the students, among friends

學習者最難掌握的介詞

at / on / in三元組引起的錯誤比任何其他介詞都多。沒有一個規則涵蓋所有情況——你需要學習常見搭配:

  • at work, at school, at a party, at the beginning
  • on the phone, on a team, on vacation, on time
  • in trouble, in charge, in a hurry, in advance

許多介詞短語必須作為固定單位記憶。查看我們的英語搭配詞指南了解數百個動詞+介詞組合。

連接詞:句子構建者

連接詞連接單字、短語和子句。它們對於撰寫複雜句子和表達想法之間的關係至關重要——原因、對比、補充和時間。

三種連接詞

並列連接詞(FANBOYS)連接相等元素:

連接詞 功能 例子
for 原因 She stayed home, for she was ill.
and 補充 I study English and Japanese.
nor 否定補充 He does not sing, nor does he dance.
but 對比 It is old but reliable.
or 替代 Tea or coffee?
yet 對比/驚訝 Simple yet effective.
so 結果 It rained, so we stayed inside.

從屬連接詞將從句連接到主句:

功能 連接詞 例子
時間 when, while, before, after, until, since Call me when you arrive.
原因 because, since, as I left early because traffic was bad.
條件 if, unless, provided that, as long as I will go if you come with me.
對比 although, even though, while, whereas Although it rained, we went outside.
目的 so that, in order that She studies hard so that she can pass.

相關連接詞成對工作:

對組 例子
both…and Both Japan and Korea use TOEIC.
either…or You can study either online or in class.
neither…nor Neither the teacher nor the students were late.
not only…but also She is not only smart but also hardworking.
whether…or I cannot decide whether to stay or to go.

感嘆詞:情感表達

感嘆詞是表達情感的單字或短語。它們在語法上是獨立的——它們不連接到句子的其他部分。它們主要出現在口語英語和非正式寫作中。

情感 感嘆詞 例子
驚訝 oh, wow, whoa Wow, that is amazing!
痛苦 ouch, ow Ouch, that hurt!
快樂 yay, hooray, yes Hooray, we won!
沮喪 ugh, argh Ugh, not again.
猶豫 um, uh, er, hmm Hmm, let me think about that.
同意 yeah, sure, absolutely Sure, I can help.
問候 hi, hey, hello Hey, how are you?
理解 oh, aha, I see Aha, now I understand!

感嘆詞對於考試和正式寫作來說是最不重要的詞性。但它們對於自然的口語英語和理解日常對話至關重要。

詞性如何幫助你建立詞彙

1. 詞族將你的詞彙量擴大4倍

當你學習一個單字時,它的詞族又給你三四個更多:

名詞 動詞 形容詞 副詞
success succeed successful successfully
creation create creative creatively
decision decide decisive decisively
importance important importantly
analysis analyze analytical analytically
strength strengthen strong strongly
difference differ different differently

如果你知道1,000個基本單字並學習它們的詞族,你的功能詞彙量就會跳到3,000-4,000個單字。

詞族如何倍增詞彙量:一個詞根產生名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞形式

2. 後綴標誌詞性

你通常可以從一個單字的結尾識別它的詞性:

結尾 詞性 例子
-tion, -sion, -ment, -ness, -ity 名詞 education, decision, improvement, kindness, creativity
-ate, -ize, -ify, -en 動詞 educate, realize, simplify, strengthen
-ous, -ive, -ful, -less, -able 形容詞 dangerous, creative, helpful, careless, comfortable
-ly 副詞(通常) quickly, carefully, unfortunately

當你在閱讀中遇到不熟悉的單字時,檢查它的後綴。如果它以-tion結尾,它可能是名詞。如果它以-ize結尾,它可能是動詞。

3. 正確的詞性 = 正確的句子

許多學習者的錯誤來自使用錯誤的詞性:

錯誤 正確 問題
The important of education is clear. The importance of education is clear. 形容詞用在需要名詞的地方
She success in her career. She succeeded in her career. 名詞用在需要動詞的地方
He runs quick. He runs quickly. 形容詞用在需要副詞的地方
This is a beauty day. This is a beautiful day. 名詞用在需要形容詞的地方

IELTS、TOEFL和TOEIC等考試特別測試你在語境中選擇正確單字形式的能力。

練習詞彙

這25個單字涵蓋所有主要詞性和多個程度。將它們添加到你的 Linglify 字典進行間隔重複練習。

boom

名詞

加入字典

繁榮

範例

- The boom of thunder echoed across the valley.

- The technology boom created many new millionaires.

cooperate

動詞

加入字典

合作

candidate

名詞

加入字典

候選人

範例

- Each presidential candidate presented their policy plans to voters.

- The job candidate impressed the interview panel with her experience.

evaluate

動詞

加入字典

評估, 估價

範例

- Companies evaluate job candidates based on experience, skills, and personality.

- Teachers evaluate student progress through tests, projects, and classroom participation.

indispensable

形容詞

加入字典

不可或缺的

範例

- Clean water is indispensable for human survival and good health.

- Her experience and skills make her indispensable to the research team.

normally

副詞

加入字典

通常, 平常

範例

- Heart normally beats between sixty and hundred times per minute.

- Students normally arrive at school before morning bell rings.

discourage

動詞

加入字典

使灰心, 洩氣

範例

- Don't let one failure discourage you from pursuing your dreams.

- High prices discourage many people from buying organic food products.

jury

名詞

加入字典

陪審團

範例

- The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a verdict.

- The talent show jury consisted of professional musicians and entertainers.

resolve

動詞

加入字典

解決

範例

- Mediator helps parties resolve dispute through negotiation.

- Technical team will resolve software problems quickly.

graduate

動詞

加入字典

畢業

範例

- She will graduate from university next year with a degree in engineering.

- Students must complete all requirements before they can graduate from high school.

total

形容詞

加入字典

全部的

範例

- Total cost includes all fees and expenses.

- Total silence fills room during meditation session.

donate

動詞

加入字典

捐贈

範例

- Many people donate money to charities that help homeless individuals.

- She decided to donate blood to help patients in emergency situations.

firmly

副詞

加入字典

堅定地

範例

- Hold the rope firmly while climbing down the steep mountain slope.

- The manager firmly believed in treating all employees with respect.

lifelong

形容詞

加入字典

終身的

範例

- Learning is a lifelong process that never truly ends.

- Their lifelong friendship began during elementary school years.

guide

動詞

加入字典

指導, 引導

範例

- Parents should guide their children to make responsible decisions.

- The experienced hiker will guide the group through the mountain trail safely.

tragedy

名詞

加入字典

悲劇

範例

- Natural tragedy affects thousands of innocent people.

- Personal tragedy changes person's life perspective completely.

motivated

形容詞

加入字典

有動力的

範例

- Motivated employee seeks additional responsibilities and challenges at work.

- Success requires being motivated even when facing difficult obstacles.

prejudice

名詞

加入字典

偏見

範例

- Education helps overcome prejudice and promotes understanding.

- Racial prejudice damages communities and individuals alike.

voyage

名詞

加入字典

航程

範例

- Space exploration represents humanity's greatest voyage into the unknown.

- The ocean voyage from Europe to America took several weeks in the past.

horizon

名詞

加入字典

地平線

範例

- The sun disappeared behind the horizon as evening approached.

- Traveling broadens your horizon and exposes you to new cultures.

off

形容詞

加入字典

去除

範例

- Please turn off the lights before leaving the room.

- The dog ran off into the forest chasing wild rabbits.

stress

動詞

加入字典

使緊張

範例

- Heavy workload may stress employees beyond limits.

- Teacher will stress importance of homework completion.

union

名詞

加入字典

聯盟

範例

- Labor union protects worker rights and interests.

- Marriage union joins two people in partnership.

humorous

形容詞

加入字典

幽默的, 風趣的

範例

- She writes humorous articles about everyday life and family experiences.

- The humorous speech made everyone laugh and lightened the serious mood.

admission

名詞

加入字典

入學許可

範例

- Her admission to the prestigious medical school was the result of hard work.

- The museum offers free admission on the first Sunday of every month.

常見錯誤

  • 混淆形容詞和副詞。 「She sings beautiful」是錯誤的——應該是「She sings beautifully。」動詞由副詞修飾,而不是形容詞。

  • 在句子中使用錯誤的單字形式。 「The develop of technology」應該是「The development of technology。」檢查句子位置需要哪種詞性(在「the」後面→名詞)。

  • 將不可數名詞當成可數名詞。 「Many informations」和「an advice」是不正確的。Information、advice、furniture、equipment和research是不可數名詞——沒有複數,沒有「a/an」。

  • 忽略介詞搭配。 你「depend on」某人(不是「depend of」),「consist of」各部分(不是「consist from」),對某事「interested in」(不是「interested for」)。

接下來做什麼

  1. 從你最薄弱的詞性開始。 如果動詞是你最大的挑戰,閱讀我們的英語動詞清單:300個最重要的動詞。如果形容詞需要工作,閱讀500個英語形容詞清單

  2. 將練習部分中的10個單字添加到你的 Linglify 字典。

  3. 學習你已知單字的詞族。 選取20個你現有詞彙中的單字,找到它們的名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞形式。這立即擴展了你可用的詞彙量。

  4. 今天閱讀一些英語,識別第一段中的詞性。

  5. 探索我們各主要單字類型的詞彙指南:

常見問題

英語的8種詞性是什麼?

八種詞性是:名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、連接詞和感嘆詞。每個英語單字至少屬於這些類別之一。

哪種詞性應該最先學?

動詞和名詞應該是你的首要任務——它們構成每個句子的核心。之後,轉向形容詞(添加細節)和副詞(添加精確度)。代詞、介詞和連接詞是下一步。

如何識別一個單字的詞性?

看單字在句子中的功能及其形式。問:它是在命名某物(名詞)嗎?描述動作(動詞)?修飾名詞(形容詞)?修飾動詞(副詞)?後綴也有幫助:-tion通常是名詞的信號,-ous是形容詞,-ly是副詞,-ize是動詞。

一個單字可以是多種詞性嗎?

是的,許多英語單字可以作為多種詞性。「Run」是動詞(「I run」)和名詞(「a morning run」)。「Fast」是形容詞(「a fast car」)和副詞(「drive fast」)。語境決定了一個單字在任何給定句子中的詞性。

詞性如何幫助建立詞彙?

當你學習一個單字及其詞族(所有詞性)時,你乘以你的詞彙量。學習「create」(動詞)還給你「creation」(名詞)、「creative」(形容詞)和「creatively」(副詞)——一個詞根四個單字。理解後綴讓你解碼不熟悉的單字。